Category: Political science

Write ONE PAGE PER EACH RESPONSE
1.What do each of the readings for Module -I contribute to the discussion on the nature of development? Based on these readings  come up with your own definition of development from the perspective of developing countries. 
2. Based on and referring to the assigned readings by Andre Gunder Frank, Johan Galtung and John Hobson for Module-II, explain the policies and forces which led to underdevelopment and de-development in the colonized parts of the world.
3. Based on the pieces by Paul Baran, BN Ghosh, Theotonio dos Santos and Uma Kambhampati, explain Dependency Theory and its main arguments. How useful is it to understand the creation and maintenance of under-development?

Post a 2- to 3-paragraph analysis of two strengths and two weaknesses of lifetime appointments for Supreme Court justices. Be sure to include a rationale for why the Supreme Court justices should or should not have lifetime appointments.
Some people strongly favor term limits for governmental officials. The U.S. practice regarding this issue differs among the three branches of government. There are term limits on the presidency, for instance, but none for members of Congress. For the Supreme Court, there are no term limits on justices, and they are never required to win election or re-election. Once appointed by the president, justices may serve for life. Thurgood Marshall, the great Supreme Court justice, was 81 years old when a reporter asked him when he planned to retire. Marshall responded, “I have a lifetime appointment and I intend to serve it. I expect to die at 110 . . .”
In this Discussion, you will analyze strengths and weaknesses of lifetime appointments of Supreme Court justices and whether or not you believe lifetime appointments have a positive impact on American democracy.

To improve research skills including the generation and testing of ideas, students will be required
to write a research proposal formatted as follows: 
• Problem Statement Clearly state the problem that is addressed by the program or project
or treatment to be evaluated. Is there quantitative evidence of the challenge to be addressed?
Explain whether the evaluation will test an existing program or new intervention or treatment. 
• Contribution to learning Succinctly describe the evaluation questions you seek to answer.
How will this evaluation teach us something new about social science? Include a very brief lit-
erature review and explain the project’s unique social scientific contribution. What knowledge
gap are you addressing, and how will it advance the field? 
• Description of program(s) Describe the intervention or treatment that you will design
and/or evaluate. Explain the theory of change and potential implementing organization(s) or
governments that will participate in the proposed evaluation. Include existing quantitative
and qualitative data in support of your hypotheses, models and/or theories of change. 
• Target population Characterize and describe the population that the intervention will im-
pact. Do other populations face the same conditions as your target group, and could they
potentially benefit from the intervention(s) to be evaluated by you? 
• Evaluation Design Describe the evaluation design. What is the goal of the study and
your research questions? What is your identification strategy? How will you identify the
counterfactual? What are the units of analysis (e.g. individual, household, village, etc.)?
What are the intermediate and final outcome indicators? How will these be measured? When
will you time measurements, and how frequently will data be collected? What are your initial
power calculations and pre-analysis plans? What are the foreseeable threats to the internal
validity of this study? (e.g. compliance, attrition, spillovers, etc.) 
• Policy Translation Provide evidence that the evaluation is likely to be used by policy prac-
titioners. Consider the cost-effectiveness of the intervention that you will evaluate. Which
other implementing organizations are likely to incorporate this intervention into their opera-
tions, if proven successful? How will other implementers become aware of the results of this
evaluation? 
This is a professional essay- no list please 
Please use at least two resouces for evidence 
Causal Inference and the Counterfactual 
(a) “Impact Evaluation in Practice: Chapter 3,” p. 47-62, Gertler et al. (2016). 
(b) “Counterfactuals and Hypothesis Testing in Political Science” by James D. Fearon (1991).
3. Randomized Assignment 
(a) “Impact Evaluation in Practice: Chapter 4,” p. 63-88, Gertler et al. (2016). 
(b) ‘Inputs, Incentives, and Complementarities in Education: Experimental Evidence from
Tanzania” by Isaac Mbiti, Karthik Muralidharan, Mauricio Romero, Youdi Schipper,
Constantine Manda, & Rakesh Rajani (2019).
4. Randomized Promotion and Instrumental Variables 
(a) “Impact Evaluation in Practice: Chapter 5,” p. 89-112, Gertler et al. (2016).
(b) “Using Geographic Variation in College Proximity to Estimate the Return to Schooling”
by David Card (1993).
5. Regression Discontinuity 
(a) “Impact Evaluation in Practice: Chapter 6,” p. 113-128, Gertler et al. (2016).
(b) “The Impact of Secondary Schooling in Kenya: A Regression Discontinuity Analysis” by
Owen Ozier (2018). 
6. Difference-in-Differences 
(a) “Impact Evaluation in Practice: Chapter 7,” p. 129-142, Gertler et al. (2016). 
(b) “Minimum Wages and Employment: A Case Study of the Fast Food Industry in New
Jersey and Pennsylvania” by David Card & Alan B. Krueger (1993).
7. Ethics of Human Subjects Research 
(a) “Impact Evaluation in Practice: Chapter 13,” p. 231-246, Gertler et al. (2016). 
(b) “Male circumcision for HIV prevention in men in Rakai, Uganda: a randomised trial”
by Ronald H. Gray, Godfrey Kigozi, David Serwadda, Frederick Makumbi, Stephen
Watya, Fred Nalugoda, Noah Kiwanuka, Lawrence H Moulton, Mohammad A Chaud-
hary, Michael Z. Chen, Nelson K. Sewankambo, Fred Wabwire-Mangen, Melanie C. Ba-
con, Carolyn F. M. Williams, Pius Opendi, Steven J. Reynolds, Oliver Laeyendecker,
Thomas C. Quinn, & Maria J. Wawer (2007).
Professors message (example is attached)
“Using the same template, I have fashioned a proposal using our running example from class to show you an example of what I would consider, at minimum, a decent proposal. However, make sure yours, in no more than 4 pages, includes more citations and more details and does not get anything wrong in its methods and assumptions. 
My example uses a randomized design but yours need not use the same. You can propose anything using any of the methods discussed in class. Note that it is unlikely that any of you will be able to come up with a good proposal using more than one method, but this is not impossible to do. My example is incredibly pithy and I expect yours to be more detailed and obviously on important programs/treatments or issues that are important for our ability to understand the extent to which “government works”.”

This assignment consist of completeling different case studies below I have exampled what is required in each paragraph per case. There is also a list of all of the cases that must be done. 
1)A paragraph summarizing the facts that led up to the case 
2) A paragraph outlining the constitutional arguments presented by the plaintiff,
including major precedents used
3) A paragraph outlining the constitutional arguments presented by the defendant,
including major precedents used
4) A paragraph summarizing the U.S. Supreme Court’s ruling in the case, providing how
constitutional interpretations were applied as well as precedents utilized.
cases 
Equal Protection Under the 14 th Amendment 
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) 
Missouri ex rel. Gaines v. Canada (1938)
Screws v. U.S. (1945)
Shelley v. Kraemer (1948) 
Sweatt v. Painter (1950)
McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents (1950)
Brown v. Bd. Of Educ. Of Topeka (1954 & 1955)
Loving v. Virginia (1967) 
Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co. (1968)
Griggs v. Duke Power Company (1971)
Moose Lodge No. 107 v. Irvis (1972)
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Bd. Of Educ. (1971)
Milliken v. Bradley (1974) 
Regents of the Univ. of California v. Bakke (1978)
United Steelworkers v. Weber (1979) 
Fullilove v. Klutznick (1980)

Hi, this is an assignment for my grade 12 “Canadian and International Politics” class. There is different questions that need to be answered. I hope I can seek help. 

This assignment is comprised of 2 parts, the first of which is due this week. Part II will be due in Week 7.
In Part I this week, choose a Federal Supreme Court case that originated in your state that involves civil rights or civil liberties that was heard by the United States Supreme Court, and a decision was rendered. If your state does not have a case that was decided by the United States Supreme Court, choose a civil rights case from another state for which the United States Supreme Court issued a decision.
Here is a brief description of civil rights and civil liberties: Civil rights refers to equal social opportunities under the law. It gives you these freedoms, such as the right to vote, the right to public education, or a fair trial, among other things, regardless of your wealth or race. Civil liberties mean freedom of religion, equal treatment and due process under the law, and the right to privacy.
You should be able to go online and look up your state and famous cases decided by the Supreme Court. For example, Brown v Board of Education (1951) started in Topeka, Kansas, and ended up in the Supreme Court of the United States. Another example would be Calvary Chapel Dayton Valley v Steve Sisolak, Governor of Nevada (2020), which started in Nevada and ended up in the United States Supreme Court. A good source of information about cases decided by the United States Supreme Court is www.scotusblog.com, www.justia.com, or www.oyez.org.
Some other examples of cases include Lau v Nichols, State of Missouri ex. Rel. Gaines v Canada, University of Missouri, Terry v Ohio, Regents of California v Bakke, Michigan v Bay Mills Indian Community, Arizona v California, California v Cabazon Band of Mission Indians, Choctaw Nation v Oklahoma, Ysleta del Sur Pueblo v Texas, Korematsu v United States, Obergefell v Hodges, and Loving v Virginia.
Other sources can be researched online using search terms for “civil rights cases decided by the U.S. Supreme Court.” Be sure to use a case actually decided by the United States Supreme Court, and not a case decided by your state’s supreme court or a different court. A case that is still pending before the United States Supreme Court should not be used. If you are unsure, please contact your Professor BEFORE you pick your case and submit the assignment as this is a significant part of your overall grade.
Research your court case and write an outline of the case that you will be using to prepare a presentation, which will either be a narrated PowerPoint, a Kaltura Video, or some other format as approved by your instructor. If you are unsure, then verify the presentation format with your instructor before starting work on this assignment.
This week’s assignment should include (a) summary of the case; (b) a case outline; and a summary.
Summary of the Case
In one or two paragraphs, provide a general overview of the case that serves as a snapshot of what the case is about and how it ended up in your state high court. A summary is using your words to write a brief history of the case. Do not give your opinion or your interpretation but stick to the facts only.
Case Outline
Your court case outline should include:
Title: Name of the case
Facts of the case: Provide key facts involving the case.
History of the case: What legal action was taken based on what your state laws say about this case?
Legal questions: What were the legal issues the court had to decide?
Decision or holdings: Did the court decide for the plaintiff or the defendant? Explain the reason behind the decision?
Verdict and opinion (judgement): What were the concurring and dissenting opinions? How many judges decided for the defendant and how many justices decided against the defendant? What was the final verdict from the judge or the jury, if it was a jury trial?
Conclusion:
What was the resulting impact of the ruling? How did the citizens of your state benefit from it? Was this a good decision?
Requirements
The length of your outline will vary. Usually an outline is anywhere from 1-3 pages long. Make sure to write full sentences to explain your case. It is a concise list to be used as a reference for you during the presentation.
Using the outline, you will be describing the court case in your presentation and the scenario around the court case. The use of Wikipedia as a primary source of information is to be avoided – it is not a reliable source of information.
Search for an example of a case outline in the Internet. Without going into much detail at this state, each of the items listed above has a subject sentence with 3-6 bullet points that can help you expand on the topic.
For Week 7, you will be creating a narrated PowerPoint, or a video as approved by your instructor, from this week’s outline.
This assignment is worth 200 points.
1-inch margins
Double spaced
12-point Times New Roman font
Title page
References page (minimum of 2 scholarly sources in addition to textbook if cited)

Leo Strauss prefaces his commentary on Xenophon’s Hiero with an abridgment of a passage from Macaulay’s History of England. What sense can you make of this choice of epigraph? This is only a short essay, so you may (but are not required to) limit your response to considerations drawn from Strauss’s introduction to the commentary. In crafting your answer consider not just the lines from Macaulay that Strauss reproduces but Macaulay’s passage as a whole (to which Strauss may be taken to refer us).

Essay question reading of chapter 2, please explain the dimensions of “ideological beliefs in the United States”.

there are 2 questions that you need to write an essay for. The total words for both essays is 1400 words so for example 800 words for one question and 600 for the other.
Question 1:  Have British prime ministers become more powerful in recent decades?
Question 2: Do the media still matter in British politics?
You should not have a bibliography and if you do include quotations you don’t need to reference them.
you’ll find all the readings you need attached and for more info i’ve attached the lectures, you can also do your own readings.

you will read the U.S. Constitution, the Declaration of Independence, and
Thomas Jefferson’s Letter to the Danbury Baptists in 1802. Once you have read these founding
documents and Jefferson’s letter, you will write a 2–3-p.
Instrustions attached.