Category: Operations Management homework help

 
Analyze health care data using statistics to increase operational effectiveness and efficiency.
For this assignment, students will be given data from quantitative analysis and will be asked to analyze it using Excel, RStuido (BONUS points)
Data set:
Minnesota Healthcare Database.xlsx
Medicare National Data by County
MN Hospital Report Data by Care Unit FY2013
MN HCCIS Imaging Procedures 2013
MEPS Dental Files
MEPS Inpatient Stay Database
Students will develop an analysis report, in five main sections, including introduction, research method (research questions/objective, data set, research method, and analysis), results, conclusion and health policy recommendations. This is a 5-6 page individual project report.
Here are the main steps for this assignment.
Step 1: Students require to submit the topic using topic selection discussion forum by the end of week 1 and wait for instructor approval. Approved topic is Comparative Analysis of Average Length of Stay between Acute Care and Non-Acute Care Hospitals in the US
Step 2: Develop the research question and
Step 3:  Run the analysis using EXCEL (RStudio for BONUS points) and report the findings using the assignment instruction.
The Report Structure:
Start with the
1.Cover page (1 page, including running head).
Please look at the example Sample paper (you can download the file from the class) and SUCCEED AGAIN WITH A UMGC ONLINE PROGRAM to learn more about the APA style.
In the title page include:
Title, this is the approved topic by your instructor.
Student name
Class name
Instructor name
Date
2.Introduction
Introduce the problem or topic being investigated. Include relevant background information, for example;  
Indicates why this is an issue or topic worth researching;
Highlight how others have researched this topic or issue (whether quantitatively or qualitatively), and
Specify how others have operationalized this concept and measured these phenomena
Note: Introduction should not be more than one or two paragraphs.
Literature Review
There is no need for a literature review in this assignment
3.Research Question or Research Hypothesis
What is the Research Question or Research Hypothesis?
***Just in time information: Here are a few points for Research Question or Research Hypothesis
There are basically two kinds of research questions: testable and non-testable. Neither is better than the other, and both have a place in applied research.
Examples of non-testable questions are:
How do managers feel about the reorganization?
What do residents feel are the most important problems facing the community?
Respondents’ answers to these questions could be summarized in descriptive tables and the results might be extremely valuable to administrators and planners. Business and social science researchers often ask non-testable research questions. The shortcoming with these types of questions is that they do not provide objective cut-off points for decision-makers.
In order to overcome this problem, researchers often seek to answer one or more testable research questions. Nearly all testable research questions begin with one of the following two phrases:
Is there a significant difference between …?
Is there a significant relationship between …? 
For example:
Is there a significant relationship between the age of managers? and their attitudes towards the reorganization?
A research hypothesis is a testable statement of opinion. It is created from the research question by replacing the words “Is there” with the words “There is,” and also replacing the question mark with a period. The hypotheses for the two sample research questions would be:
There is a significant relationship between the age of managers and their attitudes towards the reorganization.
 It is not possible to test a hypothesis directly. Instead, you must turn the hypothesis into a null hypothesis. The null hypothesis is created from the hypothesis by adding the words “no” or “not” to the statement. For example, the null hypotheses for the two examples would be:
There is no significant relationship between the age of managers
and their attitudes towards the reorganization.
There is no significant difference between white and minority residents
with respect to what they feel are the most important problems facing the community.
All statistical testing is done on the null hypothesis…never the hypothesis. The result of a statistical test will enable you to either:
reject the null hypothesis, or
fail to reject the null hypothesis. Never use the words “accept the null hypothesis.” 
What does significance really mean?
“Significance is a statistical term that tells how sure you are that a difference or relationship exists.  To say that a significant difference or relationship exists only tells half the story.  We might be very sure that a relationship exists, but is it a strong, moderate, or weak relationship?  After finding a significant relationship, it is important to evaluate its strength.  Significant relationships can be strong or weak.  Significant differences can be large or small.  It just depends on your sample size.
To determine whether the observed difference is statistically significant, we look at two outputs of our statistical test:
P-value: The primary output of statistical tests is the p-value (probability value). It indicates the probability of observing the difference if no difference exists.
The p-value from above example, 0.9926, indicates that we DO NOT expect to see a meaningless (random) difference of 5% or more in ‘hospital beds’ only about 993 times in 1000 there is no difference (0.9926*1000=992.6 ~ 993).Note: This is an example from the week1 exercise.The p-value from above example, 0.0001, indicates that we’d expect to see a meaningless (random) ‘number of the employees on payer’ difference of 5% or more only about 0.1 times in 1000 (0.0001 * 1000=0.1). CI around Difference: A confidence interval around a difference that does not cross zero also indicates statistical significance. The graph below shows the 95% confidence interval around the difference between hospital beds in 2011 and 2012 (CI: [-40.82 ; 40.44]):CI around Difference: A confidence interval around a difference that does not cross zero also indicates statistical significance. The graph below shows the 95% confidence interval around the difference between hospital beds in 2011 and 2012 (CI: [-382.16 ; 125.53]):The boundaries of this confidence interval around the difference also provide a way to see what the upper [40.44] and lower bounds [-40.82].As a summary:“Statistically significant means a result is unlikely due to chance.The p-value is the probability of obtaining the difference we saw from a sample (or a larger one) if there really isn’t a difference for all users.Statistical significance doesn’t mean practical significance. Only by considering context can we determine whether a difference is practically significant; that is, whether it requires action.The confidence interval around the difference also indicates statistical significance if the interval does not cross zero. It also provides likely boundaries for any improvement to aide in determining if a difference really is noteworthy.With large sample sizes, you’re virtually certain to see statistically significant results, in such situations, it’s important to interpret the size of the difference”(“Measuring U”, 2019).*ResourceMeasuring U. (2019). Statistically significant. Retrieved May 17, 2019 from: What Does Statistically Significant Mean?Small sample sizes often do not yield statistical significance; when they do, the differences themselves tend also to be practically significant; that is, meaningful enough to warrant action.
4.Research Method
Discuss the Research Methodology (in general). Describe the variable or variables that are being analyzed. Identify the statistical test you will select to analyze these data and explain why you chose this test.  Summarize your statistical alternative hypothesis. This section includes the following sub-sections:
a)Describe the Dataset
Example:  The primary source of data will be HOSPITAL COMPARE MEDICARE DATA (APA formatted in-text citation). This dataset provides information on hospital characteristics, such as: Number of staffed beds, ownership, system membership, staffing by nurses and non-clinical staff, teaching status, percentage of discharge for Medicare and Medicaid patients, and information regarding the availability of specialty and high-tech services, as well as Electronic Medical Record (EMR) use (Describe dataset in 2-3 lines, Google the dataset and find the related website to find more information about the data).
Also, describe the sample size; for example, “The writer is using Medicare data-2013, this data includes 3000 obs. for all of the hospitals in the US.”
b)Describe Variables
Next, review the database you selected and select a variable or variables that are a “best-fit.”  That is, choose a variable that quantitatively measures the concept or concepts articulated in your research question or hypothesis. 
Return to your previously stated Research Question or Hypothesis and evaluate it considering the variables you have selected. (See the sample Table 1).
Table 1. List of variables used for the analysis
VariableDefinitionDescriptionof codeSourceYearTotal Hospital BedsTotal facility beds set up and staffedat the end of the reporting periodNumericMN Data2013….    …..    
                                                       Source: UMGC, 2019
 ***Just in time information:
To cite a dataset, you can go with two approaches:First, look at the note in the dataset for example;Medicare National Data by County. (2012). Dartmouth Atlas of Health Care, A Second, use the online citation, for example:Zare, H., (2019, May). MN Hospital Report Data. Data posted in University of Maryland University College HMGT 400 online classroom, archived at: http://campus.umgc.edu
See two examples describing the variables from Minnesota Data:
Table 2. Definition of variables used in the analysis
VariableDefinitionDescriptionof codeSourceYearhospital_bedsTotal facility beds set up and staffedat the end of the reporting periodNumericMN data2013yearFYCategoricalMN data2013
               Source: UMGC, 2019
c)Describe the Research Method for Analysis
First, describe the research method as a general (e.g., this is a quantitative method and then explain about this method in about one paragraph. If you have this part in the introduction, you do not need to add here).
Then, explain the statistical method you plan to use for your analysis (Refer to content in week 3 on Biostatistics for information on various statistical methods you can choose from).
Example:
Hypothesis:  AZ hospitals are more likely to have lower readmission rates for PN compared to CA.
Research Method:  To determine whether Arizona hospitals are more likely to have lower readmission rate than California, we will use a t-test, to determine whether differences across hospital types are statistically significant (You can change the test depends on your analysis).
d)Describe statistical package
Add one paragraph for the statistical package, e.g., Excel or RStudio.
5. Results
Discuss your findings considering the following tips:
▪ Why you needed to see the distribution of data before any analysis (e.g., check for outliers, finding the best fit test; for example, if the data had not a normal distribution, you can’t use the parametric test, etc., so just add 1 or 2 sentences).
▪ Did you eliminate outliers? (Please write 1 or 2 sentences, if applicable).
▪ How many observations do you have in your database and how many for selected variables, report % of missing.
▪ When you are finished with this, go for the next steps:
Present the results of your statistical analysis; include any relevant statistical information (summary tables, including N, mean, std. dev.). Make sure to completely and correctly name all your columns and rows, tables and variables. For this part you could have at least 1-2 tables and 1-2 figures (depending on your variables bar-chart, pi-chart, or scatter-plot), you can use a table like this:
Table 3. Descriptive analysis to compare % of BL in Medicare beneficiary, MD vs. VA- 2013
VariableObs.MeanSDP-valuePer of Lipid in MD2483.20
2.32
0.4064
 
Per of Lipid in VA
    124
          82.69
4.41
               Source: UMGC, 2019
When you have tables and plots ready, think about your finding and state the statistical conclusion.  That is, do the results present evidence in favor or the null hypothesis or evidence that contradicts the null hypothesis?
6.Conclusion and Discussion
Review your research questions or hypothesis. 
How has your analysis informed this question or hypothesis?  Present your conclusion(s) from the results (presented above) and discuss the meaning of this conclusion(s) considering the research question or hypothesis presented in your introduction.   
At the end of this section, add one or two sentences and discuss the limitations (including biases) associated with this analysis and any other statements you think are important in understanding the results of this analysis. 
References
Include a reference page listing the bibliographic information for all sources cited in this report. This information should be consistent with the requirements specified in the American Psychological Association (APA) format and style guide.

 
Discussion Topic
Starbucks  is a worldwide brand that is known for creating a community coffee  house feel with ethically sourced coffee. Let’s look at the Factors of  Production for Starbucks. The coffee chain needs land for the coffee  shops, capital to purchase the coffee and the machinery to produce  specialty coffee drinks, the labor of the baristas who have the  knowledge of how to make the specialty drinks, and finally the  entrepreneur Howard Schultz. Howard Schultz provided the last factor of  production by being the first person to capitalize on a market for  coffee houses and connecting among the other four factors of  production. 
In your original post, answer the following:
Now  it’s your turn. You own a donut shop right next door to Starbucks.  Answer the following questions about your donut shop and the factors of  production: 
Explain (like the Starbucks example) how your donut shop would use the Factors of Production. 
Which of the following factors of production will be most important to your business? Explain why you chose this factor. 
Land
Labor
Capital
Entrepreneurship
Knowledge
Technology is part of the ‘Knowledge’ factor of  production. Technology helps to increase the efficiency of the factors  of production. How would you use technology in your donut shop?

 
By the end of the course, post a thoughtful response to the following question:  
What learning skills do you need to develop to be successful in the DBA program?

Hi, you need to do assessment task 2: Project
Need to fill all templates onlyPlease cut and paste all templates in the separate ms word fileNo word limitJust fill info correctly

 
You will be researching and learning more about the company you have  chosen. Your report should cover the following points. Your submission  should be approximately 2 pages long and use at least two credible  resources. Research and review the website of the company you chose for  most of the information below:
Introduction  
Provide an overview of the business you selected. 
Industry: Retail, Hospitality/Food Service, Banking/Finance, Health, Etc. (Knowledge/Area of expertise)
Company Valuation: (Capital)
Number of Employees (Labor)
Headquarters location (Land)
Founder/CEO/Leadership (Entrepreneurship)
Explain why you selected this business.
History 
Provide a brief history of this business.
Products  
Identify and describe the main products (goods and/or services).
Social Responsibility 
Describe the company’s social responsibility plan.
According to Investopedia, social responsibility means companies  have a duty to act in the best interests of the environment and society  as a whole, including employees. Examples include reducing the company’s  carbon footprint, donating money to a social cause, or offering  top-level benefits to employees.

  
§ Describe the mission of your organization (e.g., what product or service is provided, to what intended markets, and how the product or service is distinct from those offered by competitors)
§ Define your customers are (internal and external)
§ Identify what value you add to the organization (how you help the organization achieve its mission, i.e., logistics manager, human resources manager, etc..)
§ Highlight the role Christianity currently plays in this organization (if it is a secular organization, what Christian values are built into the organization?).

 
Discussion Reply: Strategy Development, Strategy Decisions, and Decision Models
You will reply to one of your classmate’s thread.
Minimum of 250 words in the body.
Minimum of 2 sources from the literature in addition to course texts.
Use bolded headings below in the reply.
Current APA format must be used.
Use the following Outline:
• Summary – Sumarize the author’s original thread in no less than 125 words.
• Critique – Discuss what you agreed with, did not agree with and why in no less than 125
words.
Support your factual assertions with citations.

  
Approximately 2500 words.
It must be formatted in APA style.
It needs to include at least 20 references.
References should be in Harvard format.
You must read all the textbooks I uploaded before starting to write.
You need to strictly follow the assignment requirements (“Assignment Submission Form AS2 MN7030SR Mar 24” ).
I will request unlimited revisions if the assignment does not meet the requirements.
I will request a refund if the assignment does not pass.
If you cannot accept these terms, please do not quote me.

 
Read: Morgan, Leech, Gloeckner, & Barrett: Chapter 3
PageRead: Keller: Part II
PageWatch: Introduction to Descriptive Statistics
  
DISCUSSION ASSIGNMENT INSTRUCTIONS
The student will complete Integrating Faith and Learning discussion. In the thread for each short-answer discussion the student will post short answers to the prompted questions. The answers must demonstrate course-related knowledge and support their assertions with scholarly citations in the latest APA format. Minimum word count for all short answers cumulatively is 200 words. The minimum word count for Integrating Faith and Learning discussion is 600 words. For each thread the student must include a title block with your name, class title, date, and the discussion forum number; write the question number and the question title as a level one heading (e.g. D1.1 Variables) and then provide your response; use Level Two headings for multi part questions (e.g. D1.1 & D1.1.a, D1.1.b, etc.), and include a reference section. The student must then post 1 reply to another student’s post. The reply must summarize the student’s findings and indicate areas of agreement, disagreement, and improvement. It must be supported with scholarly citations in the latest APA format and corresponding list of references. The minimum word count for Integrating Faith and Learning discussion reply is 250 words.
Discussion Thread: Variables, Z Scores, Population and Output
 
Respond to the following short answer questions from Chapter Three in the Morgan, Leech, Gloeckner, & Barrett textbook:
If you have categorical, ordered data (such as low income, middle income, high income) what type of measurement would you have? Why?
D2.3.2. (a) Compare and contrast nominal, dichotomous, ordinal, and normal variables. (b) In social science research, why isn’t it important to distinguish between interval and ratio variables?
D2.3.3. What percent of the area under the standard normal curve is within one standard deviation of (above or below) the mean? What does this tell you about scores that are more than one standard deviation away from the mean?
D2.3.4. (a) How do z scores relate to the normal curve? (b) How would you interpret a z score of –3.0? (c) What percentage of scores is between a z of –2 and a z of +2? Why is this important?
D2.3.5. Why should you not use a frequency polygon if you have nominal data? What would be better to use to display nominal data?

 
The student must then post 1 reply to another student’s post. The reply must summarize the
student’s findings and indicate areas of agreement, disagreement, and improvement. It must be
supported with scholarly citations in the latest APA format and corresponding list of references.
The minimum word count for Integrating Faith and Learning discussion reply is 250 words.