Category: Microbiology

The instructions are on the word document below 
The citations don’t count toward the recommended length

Discussion:
The field of Microbiology includes the study of many diverse organisms including: bacteria, algae, yeasts, molds, protozoa, and viruses. We will be studying each of these organisms as we proceed through the course. For this Discussion Board: 1) Access the interesting Infograph on the monumental discoveries over the last 125 years in the field of Microbiology. 2) Choose at least 1 specific topic that you are very interested in and research this topic in a little detail. 3) Post and discuss at least 3 specific supporting details about this topic on the Discussion Board. You must include at least 2 scientific references in proper APA format in your post.
Here are the specific directions for the Module this week:
1) Access the infograph on monumental discoveries in Microbiology over the past 125 years by using the following directions:
To see this in more detail:
Click here
Links to an external site.
View ‘Microbiology Events Infograph’To zoom: click on the infograph image once or twice to enlarge or (depending on your computer) you can right click ‘view image’, then click on the image to enlarge.
2) Choose 1 specific event on the infograph that particularly interests you.
3) Research this specific topic to learn more specific details.
4) On the Discussion Board,
Post why you were particularly interested in this topic and at discuss at least 3 specific details about this topic.
Please include at least 2 references in APA format in your post.
5) Before Sunday night at midnight, please respond to at least 2 of your peers’ posts. When you respond to a post, do not just agree or disagree or simply re-state what was already stated. Instead add some new or different information in order to keep the discussion alive.

Report on a microbial exoeriment in which vou produce some fermented
foods that you could try to make, including bread, yogurt, cheese
There are man ditterent termented
alcoholic beverages – and a wide vanety of
bacteria and fungi (especially yeasts) are used in their
To earn a cood grade (380% – you mus
least 2 “groups” that will be compared (note: you may just have
ou have at least 1 variable esulting in at
ach of vour “eroups” – or ambitious, you can have replicates). for example, if you are fermenting some type of vegetable in salt water (e.g. kim chi) you could compare 2 different concentrations of salt, or 2 different types of vegetables. If you are making yogurt, you
could compare using 2 different types or amounts of starter culture, or, you could compare 2 different methods of cooling
down your milk+ starter culture mix, or cooling over b hours vs. L2 nours
Your report should follow the typical format of a scientific report with the following sections:
Introduction – in which you discuss the type of fermented food that you will prepare and why it interests you.
Materials and methods: provide enough details so that someone else could replicate your procedure. Results and discussion (these 2 sections are often combined): tell what happened and ADD ORIGINAL PHOTOS THAT
YOU TAKE of your product and/or the process used. Collect data (perhaps at different time points to monitor how it tastes. Try to provide as many observations as possible – note that observations are information that you take in
through your senses (or some instrument that extends your senses (taste, smell, vision, touch, hearing). If applicable, make up a scale to rate sourness / bitterness / saltiness / sweetness / alcohol content, etc. of your product. Record other types of observations: are bubbles produced? Is there a color change? A volume change? For most fermentations you could collect data /observations at different time points. Where possible, put your data into
a table or graph and provide a table or figure legend. Conclusions – briefly summarize your what you have learned from your experiment and comment on future
directions if you would try making your product again. This report should be at least 700 words (excluding a final list of literature cited. 700 words is “2 – 3 pages double. spaced. All reports should contain at least 2 photos inserted into the document (not attached along with it). Each photo
should have a figure legend (for guidelines in making a good figure legend see Ngo, 2020)

Bio 265 Microbiology Unknown Report​​​​​Due: 12/08/2022
You are being issued a numbered test tube containing a mixed culture in TSB.  There is a gram- and a gram+, and they must first be isolated.
GOAL: To isolate and identify the 2 organisms assigned to species level from a list of possible organisms, using the fewest number of tests possible.
HINTS:  
a) What is the FIRST requirement in culture identification?
b) Always read about the test you are about to perform before you do it.  If you perform a test incorrectly it will often result in an incorrect reading, thus leading you on a wild goose chase when you can least afford it.
c) Dichotomous Keys in books and in the lab manual are helpful, but you should not use them verbatim.  Reasons:  they don’t always apply directly to your organism and they often include organisms that are not on your list of possible organisms.  Therefore you must devise your own keys, based on all available data, and use them to determine the probable identity of your organisms.
USE COMMON SENSE AT EVERY STEP!
d) Which tests should you use?
1) Bergey’s Manual divides the chapters based on Gram stain, morphology, and metabolism.  Although it doesn’t look like it at first glance, Bergey’s Manual id a dichotomous key that uses conventional taxonomy.
2) What are the first couple of tests you should use in an identification scheme using conventional taxonomy?  Consider this well.  It is vital to getting a good grade on this assignment.
3) After that. The next tests should be tests that differentiate between the organisms that are left.
4) Then use tests that differentiate between the small groups of more closely related organisms that are left.
5) Once you have your organism determined, you should perform one test (for each organism) that confirms the identity of each organism.  Pick a test that differentiates between the last few organisms on your dichotomous key.  You may also elect to perform final comparison testing with a pure standard of your presumptive organism, available from the instructor.
Following the instructions in writing the report is a big part of the assignment.  The report will include Title, Abstract, Introduction, Methods/Materials, Results, and Discussion in scientific journal format.
a) In Methods, a COMPLETE dichotomous key, clearly showing how you identified your organisms and how ALL other organisms were eliminated (list organisms at each branch!)
b) Written rationale for why you chose a particular test at that point in your identification scheme.
c) Explain the scientific basis for every test you do.  Give an explanation of the test, what is being tested for, and what the results mean. (I am NOT looking for a description of the procedure!)
d) In Results, the outcome of every test you performed, a description of gram-stain morphology, and a description of colonial morphology on solid media.
e) In Discussion, include a well-written 3-4 paragraph description of your organism’s 
1) Usual habitat
2) Growth and metabolic features (describe its type of metabolism!)
3) And especially its importance to medical and/or industrial microbiology.
4) Description of any difficulties, problems, or explanations, if relevant.
f) Plagiarism.
Plagiarism (use of words, ideas, images, etc. without citation) is not to be tolerated and can be easily avoided by adequately referencing any and all information you use from other sources.  In the strictest sense, plagiarism is representation of the work of others as being your work, and is regarded as theft of intellectual property.  Paraphrasing others’ words too closely may be construed as plagiarism in some circumstances.  In journal-style papers there is virtually no circumstance in which the findings of someone else cannot be expressed in your own words and with a proper citation of the source.
g) With your written report, submit 2 correctly labelled slants of your two organisms.
h) When you are writing your report, have this guide at hand.  Follow it very closely; the format of your report is as important to your grade as are the results of your tests.
Your paper should follow this standard scientific journal format:
TITLE – simple, descriptive, and to the point
ABSTRACT- The abstract should be used to bridge the gap between the title with a few words and a paper of several pages.  Remember that the abstract will be read by more people than the paper itself.  An informative abstract contains a summary of all the main points that are in the essay or the paper.  To prepare an informative abstract an author should read the essay or paper, making notes as he or she progresses.  Abstracts are often written AFTER the paper is complete, and include a sentence on your Introduction, Methods, and Results.  You should state your major findings here.
INTRODUCTION- An introduction to a scientific paper should normally not exceed 400 words (check the requirements of the Journal to which you intend to submit your paper) and it should cover the following subjects:
1) The background of the subject to be investigated
2) Give a brief resume of what is the state of present knowledge about the subject to be investigated quoting the appropriate references.
3) Identify gaps in existing knowledge
4) Explain the reasoning for the investigation. (e.g. “Why we should care about this.”)
METHODS/MATERIALS – This section deals with these main topics:
1) Equipment and materials used
2) Experimental design
3) Methods and analysis used, if statistical (and chemical, if required)
4) Your dichotomous key, which is your hypothesis.
RESULTS – This section should contain:
1) The information which the investigation has provided (observations made)
2) Tables and graphs which summarize the data collected
3) Text used to draw attention to the main features presented in any tables or graphs.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS – This section should summarize the main findings of the experiment undertaken.
1) Should draw reasoned conclusions
2) Should compare these conclusions with those drawn by other workers
3) Should indicate the practical implications of the findings
4) Should indicate what further research is needed.
REFERENCES CITED-
Citations of references in the text
Reference may be cited in two ways; either “Brown, smith and Jones (2006) and Abdulahi (1998) confirmed these results…” or “These results were confirmed by similar experiments (Brown, Smith and Jones, 2006; Abdulahi, 2006)”. The names of all the authors (but not their initials) should be given the first time the reference is cited in the text.  For subsequent citations, if there are three or more authors an abbreviation of the forms “Brown et al. (2001)…” should be used.  Where more than one reference is used for the same author in one year, lowercase letters should be used to distinguish between them, for example, “McLean (2002b)”.
List of references at end of paper
The reference section contains a list of all the references cited in the text.  References should be arranged in alphabetical order (according to the last name of the first author).  Each reference to an article should contain the following:
1) Name (or names) of authors(s), (each) followed by initials.
2) Year of publication in parentheses.
3) Title of article
4) Title of journal, either in full or abbreviated according to the World List of Scientific Periodicals
5) Volume of journal, underlined
6) Number of first and last pages of article
For example:
Hutber A.M., and Kitching R.P. (2000). The role of management segregations in the control of intra-herd foot and mouth disease. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 32:285-294
Each reference to a book should contain:
a) Name(s) and year, as above
b) Title of book.  The most important words in the title should be given capital letters, e.g. “Milk and Beef Production in the Tropics”.
c) Publisher and place of publication, e.g. “Oxford University Press, London”.
Each reference to an article which is published in a book of Conference Proceedings should also contain the title of the book and its editor.  For example:
Chalmers, E.E. (2004). Advantages and disadvantages of nomadism with particular reference to the Republic of Sudan. In: Beef Cattle Production in Developing Countries (Ed. Smith, A.J.), pp.388-397.  Centre for Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Edinburgh
Attention should be paid to uniformity of punctuation.  Please check the list of references, since it is very frustrating for the reader to find that references in the text are not included, or that they are wrongly quoted.  Make sure that references in the text are in the reference list – programs such as Word, Papyrus, and Endnote can assist with this chore and that of putting reference together.
How to cite a website:
Structure: Last, F. M. (Year, Mont Date Published). Article Title. Website Title. Retrieved Month Date, Year, from URL.
Examples:
Lyme Disease Data. (December 6, 2013). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved April 3, 2014, from http://www.cdc.gov/lyme/stats/index.html
Cain, K. (2012, June 29). The Negative Effects of Facebook on Communication. Social Media Today RSS.  Retrieved January 3, 2013, from http://socialmediatoday.com

Purpose
Gram staining differentiates bacteria by their cell walls’ chemical and physical properties. It is usually the first step in bacterial identification in the laboratory and a valuable diagnostic tool. You recently learned about Gram Stains in Chapters 3 and 4. This activity will show how this technique can be applied in the clinical setting. This assignment meets the requirements of the General Education and Biology STEM Pathways assessment programs.
Learning Outcome
Students will apply the scientific method when analyzing laboratory results and medical information.
Task
Read the case study below.
Copy/paste and answer the following:
Write an evidence-based conclusion regarding the causative agent of Isabella’s disease.
Your answer should include supporting evidence from the case study stain and the descriptions of the possible pathogens.
State one remaining question about staining, microscopy techniques, or bacterial structures.
Evaluation Criteria
Submissions will be graded according to a 9-point rubric; however, the rubric does not reflect the total number of points of the assignment. To view the rubric, click on the three vertical dots in the upper right-hand corner of the page.
Case Study
Isabella is a 24-year-old nursing student. She works full-time in the local emergency department. Earlier in the week, she began to feel tired and run down. She had a severe headache, fever, and her neck felt stiff. At work, there had recently been an increase in influenza cases, so she initially thought she might be getting sick with the flu. She decided to take a few days off to rest and took acetaminophen (Tylenol) for the pain. The symptoms persisted and worsened over the next few days. Her roommate convinced her to go to the emergency room for medical attention.
Alex, the physician’s assistant that Isabella frequently works with, observed that Isabella was running a high fever, had a visibly stiff neck, and complained of a headache. These are common signs and symptoms of meningitis, an infection of the membranes around the brain. They quickly ordered a lumbar puncture (spinal tap) to analyze cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). In the laboratory, a thin smear of CSF was prepared and Gram-stained. Many white blood cells (WBCs) were observed in the specimen. Smaller microbial cells (indicated by the arrows) were also observed [Figure 1].
picture: https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=76563138
Below are descriptions of some possible pathogens:
Chlamydia trachomatis- C. trachomatis is a gram-negative coccus commonly infecting the genital tract. Symptoms include abnormal discharge and a burning sensation when urinating. It most commonly occurs in individuals under the age of 25. It is the most common bacterial cause of sexually transmitted diseases.
Echoviruses- Diseases caused by echoviruses range from minor febrile illness to meningitis and encephalitis (brain inflammation). They are small, nonenveloped viruses with a genome composed of RNA. Echoviruses are transmitted through the fecal-oral route.
Haemophilus influenzae- H. influenzae is a Gram-negative bacillus. It may cause pneumonia, bloodstream infections, meningitis, epiglottitis (swelling of the throat), cellulitis (skin infections) or infections arthritis (inflammation of the joint). Diseases caused by H. influenzae mostly occur in children younger than 5 years old and adults 65 years or older.
Influenza viruses- influenza is a common illness with seasonal variation. It is caused by one of several enveloped RNA viruses. In rare cases influenza infection can result in meningitis. Individuals with weakened immune systems or young children are at the highest risk for this complication.
Neisseria meningitidis- N. meningitidis is a Gram-negative coccus associated with meningitis and septicemia (blood infection). Diseases caused by N. meningitidis are associated with high mortality. The disease spreads through close contact with infected individuals. It most commonly affects infants and adolescents.
Streptococcus pneumoniae- S. pneumoniae is a Gram-positive coccus that may cause pneumonia, bronchitis, bloodstream, and meningitis. It often resides in the respiratory tract, sinuses and nasal cavity of asymptomatic carriers. It is spread through direct person-to-person contact via respiratory droplets. It most commonly affects children and the elderly

Hello, please help me create a calendar of microbiology experiments. and also answer the questions you’ll see on the screenshot. Please make sure it’s ONE image of COMPLETE calendar in JPEG. Thank you!!!

The concept of contagious disease caused by microorganisms is first seen in the Old Testament. The biblical roots of microbiology are not a surprise when we consider the contributions of Louis Pasteur, the father of modern microbiology. Pasteur’s swan-necked flask experiments not only disproved the theory of spontaneous generation (i.e., life evolved from nonliving matter), but also set the foundation for the law of biogenesis: life comes from preexisting life.
Conduct research of microbial pathogens/infectious agents. Refer to Part IV – Infections Diseases (Chapters 21–27) in Nester’s Microbiology: A Human Perspective With Connect and other online scientific journals/articles (e.g., .edu, .gov, .org websites).
Select any one microorganism (i.e., bacteria, virus, fungus, protozoa, or prion) and create a PowerPoint presentation (minimum of 10 slides) that addresses the following criteria:  
Title slide (clearly present your topic and your name)
Causative agent and structure
Diseases, signs, and symptoms
Pathogenesis and virulence
Epidemiology
Diagnosis
Treatment, control, and prevention
Microbe in the news (highlight one reliable news article about your microorganism)
Christian worldview on caring for the suffering (provide a relevant Bible verse/passage and briefly discuss the significance of microbes from a biblical perspective)
Reference slide (Use a minimum of three references; only use reliable sources)
Reliable sources include: The course textbook, other books from major publishers, newspapers, peer reviewed articles, peer reviewed journals, PhD dissertations and research, public libraries [GCU library], scholarly articles, isolated studies or academic research, professional organizations’ websites, educational institutions’ websites, and government websites.
Unreliable sources include: Wikipedia, blogs, forums, self-published books, questionable sites created by nonprofessional organizations, and sites that provide biased information.
While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. 
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. A link to the LopesWrite technical support articles is located in Class Resources if you need assistance.

Pick 4 chemicals (from different groups phenol vs halogens etc) and 4 processes (autoclaving vs UV) and complete the following table:
Hydrogen peroxide is being used as a brief example
Name of Chemical or Process Cellular Target Used as a antiseptic, disinfectant or sterilant General Application in the Medical Field
Hydrogen Peroxide proteins can be used as all 3 depending on the concentration surgery prep and cleaning medical equipment and devices
Pick 10 different antibiotics (from different groups Cillins vs Sulfa drugs, etc). Select 2 antibiotics that are used to treat each pathogen group (example: select 2 antibiotics against bacteria, 2 against protozoans, 2 against fungi, 2 against virus, 2 against helminth etc)
Complete the following table:
Penicillin is being used as a brief example
Name of Antibiotic anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, -anti-viral, anti-protozoan, anti-helminth Cellular Target Narrow or Broad Spectrum
Penicillin anti-bacterial cell wall narrow