Category: ethnic

The sources and files needed for essay are attached. Cite your sources using MLA in-text citations and include a bibliography at the end of the document. (2 points).
Proofread your answer to ensure it is well-written and within the word limit (250-500 words) per question. (2 points).
Part one : You are required to answer both questions. 
Part two : Answer the two questions. 
For both parts, assigned texts from your syllabus have been listed that you must use for your references and quotes. To earn full credit, it is important to thoroughly read and critically engage with the assigned texts for each question. You must provide one quote per response, consisting of two to three sentences. The quote will not count towards the word limit.
QUESTION 1: Provide a brief history of the concept of race and identify three key stages as outlined in the text. Choose one of these stages and analyze factors that influenced it and its impact on the concept of race. By tracing the history of the idea of race, what are the authors trying to accomplish? 
Assigned Text
Joseph L. Graves Jr. and Alan H. Goodman, “How Did Race Become Biological?” from Racism, Not Race: Answers to Frequently Asked Questions, (New York: Columbia University Press, 2022) 21-41. 
QUESTION 2: Use Fitzgerald’s text to define institutional racism. Discuss the example used in Alderman’s text and the documentary, “The House that We Live In,” to illustrate how institutional racism continues to create racial hierarchy for Black communities. 
Assigned Texts 
Kathleen J. Fitzgerald, “Racial identities, Ideologies, and Institutions” in Recognizing Race and Ethnicity: Power, Privilege, and Inequality (New York, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, 2020), 34-39.
Larry Adelman, “Racial Preferences for Whites: The Houses That Racism Built,” PBS, June 29, 2003, https://www.pbs.org/race/000_About/002_04-background-03-11.htm
James Oliver Horton, C. C. H Pounder, Larry Adelman, Llewellyn Smith, Joseph L Graves, Alan H Goodman, Melvin L Oliver, et al. Race: The Power of an Illusion. Episode Three, The House We Live In. San Francisco, Calif: California Newsreel, 2003 https://vimeo.com/601481660
QUESTION 3: Define “The Model Minority” stereotype using Yuko Kawai’s text. Explain why the author argues that this stereotype has a dialectical relationship with the stereotype of “Yellow Peril.” Provide a brief history of the model minority stereotype. Use an example from the text or your own experiences, observations, newspaper articles, or other sources to illustrate its impact on Asian American communities.
Assigned Text
Yuko Kawai, “Stereotyping Asian Americans:  The Dialectic of the Model Minority and the Yellow Peril.” The Howard Journal of Communications 16, no. 2 (2005): 109–130
QUESTION 4: What is Critical Environmental Justice? Identify the four pillars of Critical Environmental Justice Studies pillars and explain the significance of each pillar. 
Assigned Text 
David Pellow, What Is Critical Environmental Justice? (Cambridge, UK ; Polity Press, 2018), 1-33

Your essay must produce a comparative analysis dealing with any subjects we have covered throughout the quarter. Your essay must establish a clear thesis, produce your analysis of the thesis or main points of the text, and engage in a comparative analysis of the material.  It might be helpful to refer back to your critical reviews and think about the reading you found most interesting, and look at the comparative analysis you produced. You will be graded on how well you work through your comparative analysis. The task is to work critically and rigorously to establish your comparative analysis. 
First，Answer 2 essay prompts：
1. Statement of your Comparative：A single sentence detailing the two text that will inform your comparative. Your comparative statement should articulate how you seek to engage in said comparative.
2. For Essay Prompt Two: Please give your abstract for your essay, an abstract is a brief paragraphsummary of the main points, hypothesis and theories of an essay. Another way to think about it, if your essay is the feature film, your abstract will serve as the film’s trailer, designed to get the reader interested in the what the whole essay will be about. See a sample abstract below… 
Reshaping Black Brilliance:
Towards The Development and Implementation of a Pan Afrikan Pedagogy 
Abstract
The academic experience of Afrikan students is constantly perceived through deficit paradigms. Reshaping Black Brilliance is informed by the axiom that the academic experience of Afrikan students should be grounded in the richness and complexities of Afrikan culture, as opposed to the deficit paradigms. This project proposes to reimagine the possibilities of academic success for Afrikan students through an afrofuturistic methodological approach intended to highlight and bring out the brilliance of Afrikan students. This work contributes to the growing discourse on Afrikan education by focusing on Afrikan spiritual systems like ritual and rites-of-passage to approximate their pedagogical value.
Sentence Breakdown of Abstract: 
Sentence 1: Statement of the comparative. 
Sentence 2: How your essay seeks to engage said comparative. 
Sentence 3: Your hypothesis for your essay. 
Sentence 4: The significance/importance of your essay. 
Make the two prompt and final essay in two separate document