Category: Ethics

Select an article about a situation where a decision by a physician, insurance company,    government agency, or health institution adversely affected a patient or countermanded a patient’s wishes. It is recommended that you utilize the LIRN Library when conducting         research for this paper. 
Write a 2- to 3-page paper analyzing this article and considering the following.
The nurse’s role in affirming the patient’s wishes and risks involved
The social and economic consequences of reversing this decision
Guidance from the Code of Ethic for Nurses that sheds light on this situation
The lessons to be learned for similar future situations
The moral residue that haunts the nurse
Provide a bibliography of at least three references. The first should be the citation for the 
article you selected, and another is the Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive 
Statements.

Write a 2–3 page paper that examines the moral and ethical issues involved in making a decision regarding limiting life support.
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End-of-Life Issues
With our framework of ethical theories and principles in hand, we begin our look at some of the critical ethical issues in our contemporary world, starting with end-of-life issues. This assessment covers ethical questions related to end-of-life care. Passive euthanasia is the removal or refusal of life-sustaining treatment. Examples of passive euthanasia include removal of a feeding tube or a ventilator, or forgoing a life-prolonging surgery. Passive euthanasia is legal in all 50 states, and the principle of autonomy gives informed patients the right to refuse any and all treatments. Patients who are unable to make such decisions in the moment (because they are unconscious, for example) might have made their intentions clear beforehand with an advance directive or similar document. Things become more complicated, however, when a patient who is unable to make treatment choices has not made his or her wishes clear, either formally in a written document, or informally in conversations with family members or friends. Another problem concerns cases in which there is disagreement about whether the treatment is sustaining the life of a person in the full sense or merely as a body that, because of severe and irreversible brain trauma, is no longer truly a living person.
Active euthanasia, or assisted suicide, introduces further difficult moral questions. A patient who has a terminal illness and who has refused treatments that would merely prolong a potentially very painful and debilitating death might want the process of dying to be hastened and made less painful. The patient might want to take his or her own life before the disease reaches its horrible final stages. Should patients be legally allowed to have help in this endeavor? If suicide itself is not morally wrong, at least in cases like these, is it wrong for another person to directly help bring about the patient’s death? Is it wrong for doctors, a role we naturally associate with healing and the promotion of life, to use their medical expertise to deliberately end a patient’s life if the patient wants this?
Demonstration of Proficiency
By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and assessment criteria:
Competency 1: Articulate ethical issues in health care.
Articulate the moral issues associated with limiting life support.
Competency 2: Apply sound ethical thinking related to a health care issue.
Demonstrate sound ethical thinking and relevant ethical principles when considering limiting life support.
Explain important considerations that arise when contemplating limiting life support.
Competency 5: Communicate in a manner that is scholarly, professional, and respectful of the diversity, dignity, and integrity of others and is consistent with health care professionals.
Exhibit proficiency in clear and effective academic writing skills.
Preparation
Case Study: Mr. Martinez.
This media piece provides the context for this assessment; make sure you have reviewed the case study thoroughly.
Additionally, it may be useful to think through the following issues as they relate to Mr. Martinez’s case:
Should Mr. Martinez be transferred to intensive care, where his respiratory failure can be treated by a ventilator, and by CPR if necessary, and his oxygen level can be monitored?
What are the key ethical issues or models at play in this case study?
What are the key end-of-life issues at play in this case study?
How can an understanding of models and best-practice help to guide health care practitioners to make ethical and legal decisions?
Instructions
In a 2–3 page analysis of the case study, address the following:
The patient’s directives.
The patient’s quality of life.
The family’s stated preferences.
The moral issues associated with limiting life support.
The ethical principles most relevant to reaching an ethically sound decision.
Important considerations such as implications, justifications, and any conflicts of interest that might arise because of the patient’s respiratory failure.
When writing your assessment submission assume that doctors cannot contact Mrs. Martinez and must make this choice on their own. To help you reach an objective, ethically sound decision, draw upon concepts and arguments from the suggested resources or your independent research. Support your response with clear, concise, and correct examples, weaving and citing the readings and media throughout your answer.
Submission Requirements
Written communication: Written communication is free of errors that detract from the overall message.
APA formatting: Resources and citations are formatted according to current APA style and formatting guidelines. Refer to Evidence and APA for guidance.
Length: 2–3 typed, double-spaced pages.
Case Study: Mr. Martinez
Mr. Martinez was a seventy-five-year-old chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patient. He was in the hospital because of an upper respiratory tract infection. He and his wife had requested that CPR not be performed should he require it. A DNR order was written in the charts. In his room on the third floor, he was being maintained with antibiotics, fluids, and oxygen and seemed to be doing better. However, Mr. Martinez’s oxygen was inadvertently turned up, and this caused him to go into respiratory failure. When found by the therapist, he was in terrible distress and lay gasping in his bed.

persuasive essay on proving covid vaccine mandates are unethical. please use my intro paragraph attached.

Open the document and follow the highlighted instructions for the three readings (either a responce to what the person wrote about or answeing questions).  All the content is related to ethics. The responce post can be written like your responding to the person and you can agree/disagree with them! Thank you!

explain how you might research your problem (depression in racial and ethnic minority groups in oregon)using an experimental design or a quasi-experimental design. Which approach seems to be the most appropriate for researching this problem?

You will be focusing on this case for this assignment:
Jane Doe is a nursing student at University X. Jane is in week eight of a course entitled: “Introduction to Ethics”.
For the week one discussion, Jane copied work done by her friend John Doe in the same class two months ago (with a different professor). John told Jane it was okay to use his work as John’s professor never checked any work in the class using Turnitin.com. John claimed to have earned an A on the work also.
In week two, Jane went to StudentPapering.com and paid ten dollars for a week two essay done by a student (not John Doe) who took the same course four months ago. StudentPapering promises that all its archived work is of excellent quality and cannot be detected as copied. Jane then uploaded an exact copy of the work for the week two assignment.
In week three, Jane paid a worker at PaperingStudent.com ten dollars to write for Jane a brand new essay after Jane shared with the worker the essay assignment instructions.
In week four, Jane relied on her knowledge of Esperanto. She felt pressed for time and found an article by a professor from Esperanto on the week four topic. She translated Esperanto into English using Moogle Translate, and the translated text served as her week four paper.
In week five, Jane was running late again. Jane purposely uploaded a blank paper hoping that she would later claim it was an innocent mistake and not be assessed a late penalty. In a previous course on History, she had done the same (with an earlier paper from the History class rather than simply a blank) and had not seen any late penalty assessed.
In week six, Jane took work she did in a nursing course from a year ago and submitted that for her discussion posting in her current class. She simply copied and pasted the work she had labored intensively on a year ago (even though University X forbids this practice as ‘self-plagiarism’). Jane was confident her Nursing instructor never checked that work using Turnitin.com or another method.
In week seven, Jane copied work found at ChatGPT for the paper. Jane did not use any quotation marks or other documentation to show the text was from artificial intelligence and not by Jane.
Since Jane’s Ethics professor did not check papers and posting for any issues by using Turnitin.com or another method, the professor graded all of Jane’s work unaware of Jane’s actions throughout the weeks of the class. Jane feels her actions are morally justified both because her economic situation requires her to work too much to devote time to school (although other students are well-off enough to have such time) and her religion forbids cheating, but Jane ignores her religion’s teachings.
Address these following on this paper:
Articulate again your moral theory from week eight discussion (You can revise it if you wish). What two ethical theories best apply to it? Why those two?
“My moral philosophy involves Utilitarian theory since I think it best to weigh the outcomes when making a decision, to provide overall happiness for everyone involved when making a decision. The other theory is Aristotle’s golden mean because virtues will drive us to a right path when making a decision.”
Apply to Jane Doe’s case your personal moral philosophy as developed in week eight discussion and now. Use it to determine if what Jane Doe did was ethical or unethical per your own moral philosophy.
Propose a course of social action and a solution by using the ethics of egoism, utilitarianism, the “veil of ignorance” method, deontological principles, and/or a theory of justice to deal with students like  Jane. Consider social values such as those concerning ways of life while appraising the interests of diverse populations (for instance, those of differing religions and economic status).

Please read the Two Case Examples below and address the following questions in paragraph format. Use critical thinking skills and apply terms and concepts we have discussed in class from the text.  You may want to apply the code of ethics for your major (social work/human services, etc.) in discussing your answers. If you want full credit, answer each question thoroughly and use your critical thinking skills!
APA formatted references and in-text citations are required.  Full APA format is not required for this assignment.
Case Example One 
As a case manager at the local Housing Authority office, you are responsible for helping low-income families gain access to safe, affordable, and when eligible, subsidized housing.  Judy is a 30-year-old single mother of two who has been on welfare assistance for three years.  For two years, Judy and her family drifted in and out of homelessness when her unstable housing arrangements fell apart.  You have been working with Judy in finding her housing for 18 months.  After Judy was on the waiting list for public housing for a full year, you were able to help her secure a two-bedroom apartment in a public housing unit designated for young families that is located in a safe neighborhood.  Judy and her family have been in their new apartment for six months, and for the first time in their young lives, her children are experiencing what it means to have a stable home.  This afternoon, you received a call from the local police informing you that Judy has been arrested for drug trafficking in her apartment.  The Housing Authority’s policy forbids the use or selling of drugs in public housing units and requires that residents who violate this rule be evicted immediately. 
1.  As a case manager with the local Housing Authority, what empowering options can you create for your client, Judy? 
2. Do you see any value conflicts between the agency’s drug policy and social work values? If so, what are they? 
3. When you go to the jail to visit Judy, what will you say to her? 
4. How would you feel about this case if Judy’s children were not involved?
Case Example Two 
You are a caseworker at a Family Service Center where you have worked for one month since receiving your degree.  Richard is a 48-year-old construction worker whom you have been seeing weekly since your first week at the agency.  Richard came to your agency seeking assistance after unexpectedly losing his job following a back injury that left him permanently limited in his abilities to lift or carry more than 20 pounds or to climb or do twisting motions.  Richard is a devoted husband and father and is feeling that he has let his family down because he has not been able to provide for them financially in recent months.  With your help, Richard has been able to enter an eight-week reemployment-training program where he is being trained as a tax preparer for a local firm.  He has done well in his classes but has become depressed and frustrated in the past two weeks as his family’s financial situation has worsened.  Today, you notice that Richard seems more agitated and restless.  When you asked him what is on his mind, he explains that the previous night he had been out at the local tavern having a few beers and on the way home was stopped for speeding and was given a DUI when he failed to pass the breathalyzer test.  The ordeal resulted in Richard being held in jail overnight, causing him to miss his tax preparer’s class the following morning.  He is feeling unjustly persecuted by the police, and fears he will not be permitted to complete the class.  As Richard is telling you of the events of the previous evening, he becomes enraged at the unfortunate hand that fate has dealt him and blurts out, ” I feel like walking into the police station and shooting these bastards!”
1.  How will you handle the issues of confidentiality in your relationship with Richard?
2.  How do you determine whether Richard is serious about his threat or just venting his anger? 
3.  What actions would you take? 
4. How would you address this with Richard, given confidentiality and issues of trust?
5.  What safety issues do you need to consider for yourself, for Richard, and the staff in your agency? 
**** Please use refernces and the pdf book. Please no course hero, chegg, Al  or anyother websites that is prohibbt in college level writing. 

Each person owes a duty to himself or herself and to the world to study ethics and to engage in thoughtful debate about what is right, and what is wrong. It is this habit of thinking about and reflecting on ethics that will help you determine the right choices when faced with an ethical dilemma.
Articulate a moral dilemma wherein one has to show a specific virtue or virtues (it can be any virtue or virtues including honesty, courage, charity/generosity, compassion, etc.)
What is the moral dilemma about?
What virtue or virtues should be shown? (You are here selecting the best course of action)
Why is that virtue or those virtues to be shown?
How should the virtue or virtues be expressed, and why in that manner?
Apply Aristotle’s golden mean to the dilemma.
Tell us how the dilemma involves conflict moral duties (loyalty to community versus to self, professional versus familial duties, national or personal obligations).
The dilemma must be a situation in which a choice has to be made.
Be sure you told us why your chosen course of action was best.
Follow-Up Post Instructions
Respond to at least one peer. Further the dialogue by providing more information and clarification.
Writing Requirements
Minimum of 2 posts (1 initial & 1 follow-up)
Minimum of 2 sources cited (assigned readings/online lessons and an outside scholarly source)
APA format for in-text citations and list of references
Grading
This activity will be graded using the Discussion Grading Rubric. Please review the following link:
Link (webpage): Discussion Guidelines
Course Outcomes
CO 4: Select the best course of action based on moral theories, values, and logical reasoning given conflicting moral duties (loyalty to community or to self, professional or familial duties, national or personal obligations) and a situation in which a choice has to be made.

The Mid-term essay is a five-paragraph essay written in APA format in about two to three pages, NOT including the title and references pages, at approximately (1000 words) long.
As usual, I’ll evaluate your papers mainly by the following criteria:
an understanding of the assigned material
originality of your ideas,
development of thoughts, and
style of writing.
Make sure you give yourself enough time to carefully revise and edit your paper—that can make the difference between an ‘okay’ and an ‘excellent’ paper. 
Edward is taking his daily walk near the train tracks when he notices that the train that is approaching is out of control. Edward sees what has happened: the train driver saw five workmen ahead on the tracks and slammed on the brakes, but the brakes failed, and the driver fainted. The train is now rushing toward the five men; the banks are so steep that they will not be able to get off the track in time. Fortunately, Edward is standing next to a switch, which he can throw, that will turn the train onto a sidetrack. Unfortunately, there is one person standing on the sidetrack with his back turned. Edward can throw the switch, killing the one, or he can refrain from doing this, letting the five die. Remember, Edward did not build the train, nor is he responsible for its current predicament. However, if he pulls the switch, he is both intervening and making a judgment regarding human value. Take this into account when writing your essay.  There is a reason this is considered a “moral dilemma.”
Incorporating what you have learned from ethics, answer the following questions. 
1. “Do you think Edward should throw the switch? Why?”
2. Would a Utilitarian agree? Why?
3. Would a Kantian agree? Why?
4. What do you believe is the best option “What is The Good?” Why?

Directions
Directions: Read the article by Anderson, Green, and Payne, 
Anderson, K.O., Green, C.R., Payne, R. (2009). Racial and ethnic disparities in pain: causes and consequences of unequal care. The Journal of Pain, 10(12):1187-1204.
Parameters
Submissions must comply with APA style, as listed in the APA Manual, 7th edition.  You can find the details of APA style for student papers on the APA website. Links to an external site.
In general, this means your paper must:
Include a separate title page with the following:
Title of paper
Student’s name
Course name and number
Instructor’s name
Date submitted
Use at least two peer-reviewed sources in addition to the course text
Document all sources in APA style as outlined in the APA Manual 7th edition
Include a separate reference page that is formatted according to APA style as outlined in APA Manual 7th edition
Course text: 
Straus, S.E., Glasziou, P., Richardson, W.S., Haynes, R.B. (2018). Evidence-based Medicine: How to practice and teach it. (5th ed.). Elsevier. 
QUESTIONS to answer in the essay
1.  What kind of article/paper is this? What do the authors state about pain medication dosing in whites versus other races? Is this problematic? Why, or why not?  What do authors say about minorities and women with chest pain and pain medication use in the treatment process?
2.     
What do you think the purpose was?
3.     
The authors describe a methodology in the “Pain
Epidemiology” section of the paper in which a national survey was performed.
How did they find their nationally representative sample of people? Do you see
any issues with how they identified them using the method they described? If
so, what is it?
4.     
Based on the information presented in this
paper, what are two things you might do in a practice setting to better relate
to, and manage diverse patient populations who have chronic pain?
5.     
Compare and contrast the basic findings in pain
management based on race or ethnicity as presented in this paper.
6.     
Regarding “shared decision-making between
patient and provider” discussed in the “Strategies for Reducing Disparities in
Pain,” what do authors say about this part of the triad of evidence-based care,
and how it can assist in pain management?
7.     
Based on the type of paper presented here, how
would you rate their list of references as far as the number and the type of
papers they reviewed to support this review?