Category: Criminology

The first will be a writing assignment on what the phrase “Administration of Justice” means within the context of policing.  It is expected that you will cite to at least three (3) references in your paper.  You will submit your assignment through this assignment link. 
Your paper should be a minimum of five (5) pages and a maximum of seven (7) pages, typed, double spaced, 12 point font, 1’ margins. These two short writing assignments will provide you with flexibility to express your opinions regarding critical issues in police administration.

instructions attached there are TWO different parts to this assignment please separate the first part from the second part.
thank you

1. Becker argues that deviants are only deviants because society labels them so – is there a way to achieve order in society without labeling certain people as deviant?
2. How do we account for people who came from environmental contexts where deviance is practiced (e.g., family, community, peer)and DO NOT Model the same behavior? Does this undermine Social Learning Theory entirely?
3. Is crime ultimately a product of poor morals as Kohlberg suggests? What are the problems with that perspective?
4. Which is more to blame for criminal behavior: internal developmental issues or external events?
5. How responsible is siege mentality for such conflicts.
Limit response to 200 or a little over 200 words. Thanks.
Attached are files pertinent for the assignment.

Reply to the attached discussion post.  The original discussion topic was: 
“Articulate the importance and usefulness of focus groups. Compare and contrast the role of ethnographies and case studies in data collection.”

Answer each prompt in 100 words or more.
1. Why did the Quakers of Pennsylvania support the use of imprisonment?
2. How could Elmira inmates earn release to a guardian, the forerunner of a parole officer?
3. Examine the role of the British in India (or South Asia as a whole) during the imperial age (ca. 1800-1914 CE). Why were the British able to control this region during this time? Was this British control detrimental or beneficial to South Asia overall?

As you study DNA, you find that every person’s DNA is different from another’s. Identical twins are the only people whose DNA is the same. Consider your parents and your siblings. Even though your brother and your sister have the same parents, it is unlikely that you look exactly like them unless you are identical twins. You may have common features, and you will all share common DNA among yourselves, but only identical twins will have the exact same DNA. DNA testing is used for many reasons, such as the following:
Identify potential suspects whose DNA may match evidence left at crime scenes
Exonerate persons wrongly accused
Match organ donors
Assignment Guidelines
Address the following in 4–5 pages:
In your first case, you have been asked to list and explain the steps that you would use to identify and analyze DNA from a person who has been in prison for 10 years. The results of your test may exonerate the person.
Once the physical evidence has been delivered to the forensics lab, what is the process of identifying DNA? Be specific, and explain in detail.
Consider that the evidence is over 10 years old.
Once the DNA evidence has been identified, what is the process of analyzing the DNA? Be specific, and explain in detail.
What challenges exist that can make your analysis inadmissible in court? Explain.
How are tissue matches made? Explain.
Why is it important to utilize different DNA testing methods? Explain.
Why is it that some methods may be preferred over others? Explain.
Other than forensic uses, DNA testing is essential in paternity testing.
What are the steps used to carry out a paternity test? Explain in detail.
Why might the results of a paternity test be significant in a court case? Explain.
Be sure to reference all sources using APA style.

The paper aims to analyze gender dynamics within legal proceedings in cooperate crime.
I will provide you with the layout of the paper. the way it is structured, the topic, the information, and a few sources to be used; you basically just have to write the paper with all the info I gave you. i did most of the research

Research Topic: What is causing the racial disparities between African
American offenders and their counterparts, and how can we reduce these rates?
Read the article and complete an analysis based on information within the article. This assignment requires atleast 2 pages, no more than 3 pages of CONTENT.
1.) Problem or theory – summarize your response to the following questions:
What specifically is the problem being examined in the study?
Why is it important and how is it a problem?
If a theory is being tested, what is it and why is it relevant?
What is the hypothesis of the study?
2.) Literature review – briefly summarize the literature or other relevant studies in the areas that are covered by the author (~ 2 or 3 sentences)
3.) Data collection – summarize your response to the following questions:
What kind of sample was used?
How was the data collected? Was the process explained clearly enough where you could replicate the study (with the author’s permission)?
Did the data collection methods seem appropriate to the hypothesis?
Does this data collection plan help to advance the knowledge in the field based on previous studies and their data collection methods?
How many people participated? Is the sample large enough to represent the population? Did they sign an informed consent?
Could other data collection instruments be used?
4.) Findings and conclusions – summarize your response to the following questions:
How was the data analyzed?
What did the author discover in the analysis?
What conclusions are reached?
5.) Evaluation of the study
How useful is the study presented in the article?
What are the limitations and criticisms of the study?
Did the author(s) accomplish what they intended to do?

In March of 1991 the nation was captivated by a video of police officers in Los Angeles, California as they were attempting to arrest Rodney King. Several officers were involved after King initially evaded police and led them on a chase that started on Interstate 210, covered more than 10 miles and exceeded speeds of 80 MPH through residential streets, ending when officers were able to block King and his two passengers at an intersection. A man (George Holliday) who lived nearby, filmed the encounter and offered it to police before providing it to a local television station when the police were not interested in seeing the video. This case was one of the earliest examples of modern surveillance, where incidents involving the police are recorded with video cameras and more recently, cell phones.
Police use of force is perhaps the most polarizing issue within the field of criminal justice today. Few actions are more difficult than having maybe five seconds to make a potentially life-threatening decision and then having that action scrutinized by others for weeks or months. Some departments employ a use of force continuum while others make use of other methods to assist officers in making decisions to elevate the amount of force necessary to make an arrest.  Most police officers like to know they have backup available if needed.  Does it always help? Does it make things worse at times? Does having additional officers present change the way one may interact with a subject? Consider the case of Eric Garner from 2014; often when multiple officers are attempting to subdue a suspect, one may not know when the suspect is resisting and when another officer is exerting force. Are the cell phone videos of bystanders sufficient to provide an accurate and adequate perspective?  Typically, those videos do not begin until after the crisis has already started, potentially missing key events.
According to Black (1976), police are more likely to use force based on the attributes of the concerned parties. This sociological theory of law prescribes that police are least likely to take corrective action against lower status persons, particularly minorities and the poor, when the accusers are also of lower status. Similarly, they are more likely to take action against lower status persons whose accusers are of a higher status. Your text introduces the concept of deindividuation in chapter 10. Used primarily to explain group behavior, it may also have implications with police officers in certain crisis situations. In Festinger’s (1952) seminal work, he argued that deindividuation occurs when individuals immerse themselves in the group to the point of losing some sense of self, becoming anonymous and doing things they would not likely do if alone. Closely related to contagion, also discussed in your text, this may help to explain what happens in crisis events such as the one discussed above.
Consider the case of Amadou Diallo as you address the discussion thread this module: 
Do you think deindividuation or contagion applied to the case of Rodney King and/or Diallo? Did responding officers act in accordance with accepted use of force standards?
What is the responsibility of police leadership when their officers are accused of excessive use of force?

OVERVIEW
Advocates and activities have fought for years to ensure victims are afforded rights, as not having their rights protected can be a form of victimization. Consequently, rights have been afforded to victims through legislation, and in 32 states, through victim rights amendments to the state constitution. As you have read in Chapter 6, their rights vary from state to state, as there are not clearly defined rights in the Constitution. In this assignment, you will review the rights afforded to victims in your state and take a position on whether your state is doing enough to ensure victims are afforded rights. The purpose of a position paper is to generate support on an issue. It describes a position and the rational for that position. While it is your position, the position paper is based on facts that provide a solid foundation for your argument. In the position paper you should: • State your position clearly.
• Validate your position with course material (presentations, textbook, and scholarly sources). • Examine the strengths and weaknesses of your position. • Present arguments in support of and against your position.
• Depending on your position, provide recommendations.
INSTRUCTIONS
• Paper should be 5-6 double-spaced pages of content in length (this does not include title page or reference pages). An Abstract is not necessary.
o Paper should be in current APA format.
o Headings should be included and must conform to the content categories listed
 Your position
 Strengths and Weaknesses
 Arguments and Support  Recommendations
• All ideas shared should be supported with sound reason and citations from the required readings and presentations, and additional resources. • 6-8 additional scholarly sources must be used. They need to be scholarly and provide relevant information regarding your position. • Integrate Biblical principles within the analysis of the paper.
• Unacceptable sources (Wikipedia, dictionaries, encyclopedias, and websites).
• Acceptable sources (scholarly articles published within the last eight years).
Note: Your assignment will be checked for originality via the Turnitin plagiarism tool.