Category: Criminology

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION..
Overview.. 
Background. 
Situation
to Self 
Problem
Statement 
Purpose
Statement 
Significance
of the Study
Research
Questions
Definitions
Summary 
This is how chaper one should look. It is a Qualitative Dissertation Paper 
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
Overview
The purpose of Chapter One is to provide a framework for the research. The
chapter should create reader interest, provide a foundation for the problem
that necessitates the research, overview the context of literature in which the
research is founded, identify the importance of the research for a specific
audience, and briefly introduce the research via the research questions.   The Overview must clearly and concisely
describe the contents and organization of the chapter. Chapter One may vary in
length from 10-15 pages for the final dissertation.
Background
The Background section
contains a summary of the most relevant literature and provides the historical
(i.e., how the problem has evolved over time), social (i.e., contexts), and
theoretical (e.g., important variables, the theoretical concepts, and the
principles underpinning the research) contexts for the research problem. Each
of the three contexts must be specifically examined using APA Level 2 headings
for each. You should be sure to link and relate the background of the study to
the proposed research. Questions that may be asked or addressed in this section
may include, but are not limited to: What is the problem and why is it an
interest?  Who else is affected by the
problem?  What research has been done to
investigate or address the problem?  How
will the proposed research extend or refine the existing knowledge in the area
under study?  Who will benefit or use the
proposed research?  What new information
does the current research add to the body of existing literature regarding the
topic?  The majority of literature cited
in this section should be no more than five years old.
Situation to Self
This section provides an opportunity for you to articulate your
motivation for conducting the study and identify the philosophical assumptions
(ontological, epistemological, rhetorical, axiological) you bring to the
research and the paradigm (positivism/post-positivism, constructivism,
participatory, and pragmatism) that will guide the study.
Problem Statement
“A problem might be defined as the
issue that exists in the literature, theory, or practice that leads to a need
for the study” (Creswell, 1994, p. 50). A problem statement summarizes “the
context for the study” and the main problem the researcher seeks to address
(Wiersma, 1995, p. 404). It identifies the general problem, the specific
problem, the focus of the research, and the population sample. The problem
statement draws from the background section; it includes current (i.e., five
years or less since publication) literature (three to five citations) to show
that the proposed research is empirically significant and relevant to the field.
It should be stated clearly and unambiguously in one to two paragraphs. You should
state: “The problem is….”  In one to two focused
paragraphs, convince the reader why the particular issue or problem your study
is investigating needs to be done.
·     
Introduce the general topic needing more
research, including relevant/recent statistics on the issue.
·     
Summarize the recent research on the topic.
·     
Explain how/why the current research is
deficient or falls short.
·     
Conclude with a focused statement identifying
the problem in relation to your research design.
Purpose Statement
The purpose
statement should follow the problem statement and clearly and succinctly state the
focus and intentions of the proposed research. “The purpose statement should
provide a specific and accurate synopsis of the overall purpose of the study”
(Locke, Spirduso, & Silverman, 1987, p. 5) and begin with the following
statement: “The purpose of this study is . . .” It foreshadows the research
question(s), and the statement must be used consistently throughout the
dissertation. You are encouraged to use the following template adapted from
Creswell (2013):
The purpose of
this _________ (phenomenological, grounded theory, ethnographic, case,
historical) study is to _______________ (understand? describe? develop?
discover?) the _____________ (central phenomenon of the study) for
_____________ (the participants) at __________ (the site). At this stage in the
research, ___________ (central phenomenon) will be generally defined as
________________ (a general definition of the central concept). The theory
guiding this study is (identify theory and cite theorist) as it (explain the
relationship between the theory and your focus of inquiry).
Although brief in nature, the problem
and purpose statements are two very important aspects of the manuscript. These
statements support the importance of the study and identify the goal of the
research. All preceding writing within the manuscript should funnel into the
problem and purpose statements, and all proceeding aspects of the manuscript should
align with, support, and further expand upon the problem and purpose
statements.
Significance of the Study
The significance of the study section
contains a description of the contributions that the study makes to the
knowledge base or discipline, both theoretically and empirically (i.e., How
does it relate to other studies that are similar or that investigate the same
issue?)
This section also
includes a brief description of the practical significance of the study; why it
is important to the location, organization, general population, or sample being
studied (e.g., Why and how does it affect them?  How will it improve the conditions, lives,
work environment, etc.?  How can this
study be used on a wider scale to affect change to help a wider group of people
or the organization as a whole?). References are very
important here to lend additional credence and support the study. All
assertions in this section need to be well supported by the literature. Citations
are needed.
Research Questions
The proposed
research questions should be derived from the problem and purpose statements. A well-written research question is feasible, clear,
significant, and ethical. In qualitative studies, research questions are
often philosophical or pragmatic in nature and ask about meaning, process,
perceptions, or behavior. Qualitative research questions are usually broader
and become more specific as you move into the actual data collection/analysis
process. Identify at least three research questions. If a central research
question is used, the subsequent questions are called sub-questions. Include a
brief description and discussion of each one before moving to the next question,
using the literature (including citations) to support the focus of the question.
Remember that each research question will need to be addressed in the data
collection, data analysis, and discussion sections of later chapters. Be sure
these questions do not elicit simple yes/no responses. Note that traditional
research hypotheses are not necessary or appropriate for most qualitative
studies.
Definitions
Terms pertinent to the study should be listed and defined
as the final section of Chapter One. All definitions in this section also need to
be supported by the literature. Include terms that use abbreviations. Citations
are needed. Dictionary definitions
are not acceptable. Example:
1.     Attitude – Attitude is a psychological
tendency that involves evaluating a particular object with some degree of favor
or disfavor (Eagly & Chaiken, 1993).
2.     Interest – The combination of emotion
and personal valuation of a task resulting in a desire for various levels of
enjoyment (Ainley & Ainley, 2011).
3.     Etc…
Summary
Provide a chapter
summary here. The Summary includes a succinct restatement of the problem and
purpose of the study and provides a strong conclusion to the chapter.

RJ Solutions
Deanna Van Buren: https://www.ted.com/talks/deanna_van_buren_what_a_world_without_prisons_could_look_like?language=en
Dhamma Brothers: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=phHib5VaCeE
The Interrupters: https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/documentary/interrupters/
or on your own, create an RJ solution that you believes would address a particular community need. Write a 600-word OP-ED as a group that proposes this solution. See the OP-ED examples and information:
https://www.ala.org/advocacy/advleg/publicawareness/campaign%40yourlibrary/prtools/handbook/sample-op-ed
https://www.theopedproject.org/resources

Research and referencing
Wherever you discuss, summarise, paraphrase or quote a source you must provide a reference.
In this task, you are required to provide a minimum of 6 academic sources. At least 2 of these
sources published in the last 24 months.
Appropriate academic sources include:
• credible peer-reviewed sources such as journal articles, academic books, book chapters in
edited books, and government reports. Publications available electronically, such as from
The Trends and Issues series from the Australian Institute of Criminology and the NSW
Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research can be used.
• Newspapers or magazine articles and internet webpages are not appropriate sources for
this task. They should only be used in conjunction with academic sources. You should also
avoid encyclopaedic entries and textbooks (particularly your course textbook).
Please follow APA 7 style of in-text references and the reference list. See the ACU Library guide:
https://libguides.acu.edu.au/referencing/apa7

Summarize the case briefly no more than 75 words. What crime was committed? What was the charges? List the key players in the case and explain their role in this case. Analyze the involvement of the courts. Describe the court type and why it had jurisdiction. Explain the stages that were carried out in the criminal trial was there a pretrial stage? The defendant resort to plea bargaining? Explain the outcome of the sentencing process what was the rationale for sentencing?

this is a really chalanging paper  and needs to be ableto access universities  library for          scholarly articals and sources  instructions are  uploades in a document 

Discussion question: Read the news article (linked below) and discuss what can be done with mentally ill prisoners nationwide. Provide examples and justifications for your argument. you have to use the website below 
https://www.wwlp.com/news/connecticut/lawsuit-mentally-ill-inmates-shackled-isolated-in-cells/ 

The module themes are 1) structure and agency and 2) power and inequality.
There are four blocks to the module; these are:
Block 1 gives you a brief overview of how these questions shape criminology. Through films about sex workers and self-inflicted deaths in prison, you’ll begin to explore what different responses to these questions reveal about relationships between individuals and society, and power and inequality. You’ll be introduced to the ways in which criminologists use theories and concepts alongside observations to build an understanding of the issues that interest them.
Block 2 begins by exploring different understandings of the causes of crime and some of the criminal justice responses that come from them. You’ll be introduced to biological, psychological and sociological explanations of crime causation and explore the main ways in which different criminal justice policies are understood to address the problem of crime. 
Block 3 starts with the question why are some harmful actions and behaviours considered to be criminal, while others are not. You’ll look at who defines crime, how such definitions are enforced and how some, but not all, lawbreakers come to be labelled as “criminals”. You’ll consider the role of the victim in criminal justice systems and explore the key issues surrounding their inclusion and exclusion. You’ll also learn about aspects of criminal justice such as community justice and policing, and ask questions about how effectively criminal justice policies achieve their stated goals.
Block 4 considers the limitations of criminology and criminal justice for thinking about other harmful actions that fall outside the gaze of crime policy and practice. You’ll be introduced to the concepts of ‘invisible crimes’ and ‘invisible victims’, and explore the idea of that the physical harm and injury caused by some social structures, institutions and social and economic policies can be understood as a form of violence. The module concludes by examining the implications of a social harm perspective for policy and practice, and inviting you to reflect on your own theoretical positions.
FOR PART ONE I WOULD LIKE TO BE SPOKEN ABOUT QUESTION 1 AND 3 USING THE MODULE THEMES
FOR PART 2 AS INSTRUCTED IN THE ATTACHED DOCUMENT YOU CAN CHOOSE WHICH 2 QUESTIONS TO ANSWER 
ALL INSTRUCTIONS ARE IN THE ATTACHMENT 

Begin the assignment by discussing the background/history of your selected topic (1 page). Then proceed to discuss in detail each side/position of the issue (4 pages; 2 pages per side). Lastly, select which position you support and explain in detail why you support that position (1 page). Students are required to substantially use at least five outside academic sources (not including the assigned class readings) for the assignment. Students are permitted to use the class readings for the assignment, but the assigned class readings do not count as one of the five outside sources. For the background and position sections, students must back up their statements with facts/evidence.

Write a four-page reflection, : What were your initial thoughts on RJ when being introduced or re-introduced to the concepts in this class? What do you see as the possibilities of RJ practices? What do you see as the challenges to bringing RJ to increased prominence in the traditional criminal justice system? What questions do you have as we embark on a closer study of RJ? 
Using the following :
“The Neuroscience of Restorative Justice”: https://www.ted.com/talks/dan_reisel_the_neuroscience_of_restorative_justice?language=en
A Healing River: A Heart Speak Production on Vimeo: You can choose to watch this on your own or attend a watch party with class members on Zoom on Thursday, May 18 at 7 p.m. in my Zoom room: https://widener.zoom.us/j/6220299544
Howard Zehr’s The Little Book of Restorative Justice, Chapters 1 and 2: https://charterforcompassion.org/images/menus/RestorativeJustice/Restorative-Justice-Book-Zehr.pdf

For this assignment zoom links would be provided
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