Category: Criminology

This is a research paper on bank card fraud. The proposal is in the attachments. The research will focus on one bank (BUNQ). BUNQ has been in the news recently due to many cases of fraud occuring there. 

Evaluate the importance of holding law enforcement accountable for their actions in interactions with minority individuals. Discuss the role of body cameras, civilian oversight boards, and transparency measures in improving relations between police and minority communities while reducing incidents of excessive force and misconduct.
This paper should be AT LEAST 3-5 pages formatted as listed above, anything shorter will reduce points. 
Instructions:
Written work will be typed in APA format. Papers should be written with 1” margins, 12pt Times New Roman font, and double spaced. In order to be considered APA format, papers must include a cover page (including title of the paper, course title and name, due date, student’s name, and instructors name in that order). You will also need a reference page written in APA format, and proper in-text citation.   

The moment has come for you to submit your theory-critique term paper! This assessment requires students to critically examine a criminological theory by breaking down its assumptions, main concepts, and structure; and evaluate its adequacy based on an established set of criteria.

The assignments details are below. If you have any questions, don’t hesitate to contact me. Thank you in advance.

Research Proposal Project
Due: June 30th , 2024 (11:59 PM)
Your research proposal should be written in paragraph form, not in an outline, as you would any other paper. Your proposal should be about 9-12 pages long. 
Please note: page requirements DO NOT include a cover page or your reference list. Use 12-pt Times New Roman and 1-inch margins, double-spaced. Your paper should follow APA Styleguidelines. 
● Title Page (does not count towards page count) 
●  Introduction – Statement of the problem and brief description of it (1-1 ½ pages):
○ Clearly identify the problem/issue you have been working on this semester. 
○ What is the purpose and significance of the study? Why is it necessary or important for society? This section is brief and succinct.
○ This section should highlight both/either theoretical and/or practical importance of the proposed research.
○ Be as specific as possible
● Review of the literature (2-3 pages): 
○ Summarize the major studies that have already examined your topic, emphasizing any significant contributions and documenting the need for additional research. (At least 5 peer reviewed academic studies)
○ What are their theoretical contributions? What are their methodological strengths and/or weaknesses?
■ A common mistake students make is confusing an annotated bibliography with a literature review. Do not simply list one study after the other and include all of the information from your annotations (reference the material from Week 2addressing how to write a literature review, what it should include, etc). Your job here is to communicate what researchers know about this topic as a whole and to evaluate what we still need to know based on what researchers have chosen to study before and the quality of that research; in essence you are creating a story
○ Does your study draw on any theoretical components/frameworks? Are you using an already established theory (deductive reasoning) or are you incorporating inductive logic to guide your observations? 
● Research question and hypotheses (~½ pages):  
○ Clearly introduce the research question(s) the current study will address. 
■ It should be apparent when reading the RQ what the independent and dependent variables are
○ State the hypothesis or hypotheses that you will test. This should follow directly from your literature review. What gap in knowledge are you seeking to fill?  How will this study add to the literature?
● Methods (5-6 pages):
○ Research Design: State the general type of research design you will use and adequately explain the methods.
■ Will this be a longitudinal or cross-sectional design? 
● Be specific on the time-frame used for your study
■ What is your unit of analysis?
○ Measurement: Identify the key variables implied in your hypothesis and identify any additional variables that must be measured and included as control variables.  Provide more detailed information about each of these measures. Collect this information in three sub-sections: Dependent Variable(s), Independent Variables(s), and Control Variable(s)
■ For each of your dependent, independent, and control variables, state: 
● What the variable is and how you have conceptualized it (provide a conceptualdefinition)
● What level of measurement are you using?
● Explain your reasoning for measuring the variable in this way (operational definition)
○ Data and Data Collection
■ What is the data you are using and how will you collect it?
● Population and Sample: answer the following:
○ What is the population of interest you wish to generalize the results of the study, and why? What is your sample population? 
○ How will your research subjects/cases (i.e. your sample) be selected? What is the sampling procedure?
○ If using a survey method and are using another research study to gain ideas for how to develop your survey (which is generally a good idea!), make sure to cite it and mention how it helped you to develop them. You may use questions word for word from another study if you wish, if available (you will just need to justify why you have used this study). 
○ If using secondary/existing data, specifically explain how you are using this information to inform your variables
○ Limitations
■ Based on what you have developed in your design, what are the limitations you have identified that may impact the validity and generalizability of your results? NO design is infallible and perfect – there are always limitations on what can be done, especially with social science research. It is our responsibility to acknowledge that within the research and figure out the ways to best navigate these issues. 
○ Ethical issues: discuss how you will handle the following ethical considerations:
■ Potential discomfort among participants
■ Confidentiality
● If your research does not involve the use of participants, this is fine, you will just need a brief statement making that explicit so that anyone reading your research is aware of that. 
● Discussion/Conclusion (~1 page)
○ Use this space to discuss the overall implications of your research to the population of interest or the wider community. How does this contribute to the field? How does your research provide some additional understanding of the issue? 
○ Provide a clear conclusion to the paper
*****I URGE you to PLEASE refrain from using the words “in conclusion” in this, and really any, paper*****

Use the outline described in the Unit 1 Lecture as the template for your project proposal. Your proposal should be two double spaced pages at a minimum. Submit your project proposal first to the class on the discussion board for peer review. Submit your final proposal to the instructor
You should start drafting your Project Proposal. You need to submit your proposal to peer review and to your instructor for grading in Week 2. Your project proposal should include the following:
Thesis – state your thesis. Your thesis should succinctly describe the main point of your paper. For example, if your paper addresses the lack of mental health services in prisons your thesis may state: “The lack of effective mental health treatment available to inmates leads to recidivism and is a general threat to public safety.”
Relationship to Concentration Course Outcomes – The Student Learning Outcomes for the Criminal Justice Program follow. In your project proposal, describe how each of your project relates to these outcomes. Please analyze each outcome separately. (Note you need to address this in your proposal only. You do not need to conduct this analysis in your final paper. )
Students who graduate with a major in Criminal Justice will be able to:
explain the scope and nature of the three major components of the criminal justice system: police, courts, and corrections;
apply the theoretical models that attempt to explain the causes of crime;
explain how the fair and just operation of the criminal justice system is dependent upon the ethical and professional behavior of those working in the criminal justice system;
apply research and statistics to the analysis of data; and
communicate effectively
If you are earning your degree with a concentration in homeland security and terriosim , your project must focus on a topic relevant to that field.
Process – describe how you will go about researching and drafting your paper. Will you include a case study? Will you describe a high-profile case? With respect to a thesis regarding mental health services, will you include a study of a prison that does offer sufficient services? Will you compare and contrast? Will you address opposing viewpoints? Do you want some additional support in the research paper writing process? Check out this resource: https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/common_writing_assignments/research_papers/index.html
Sources – Consider what sources you will use to support your thesis. Books, law reviews and scholarly articles are preferred to internet sources. All internet sources must be scholarly in nature. For example, Wikipedia is not an acceptable source. Your final reference list should include at least 12 scholarly sources and should be in APA format. In your project proposal, please include at least 6 examples of actual sources you will use. Please list these sources in proper APA format.
Outline – Please include a general outline of your proposed content.

Please provide a concise, well-articulated, empirically supported response with in-text citations to each question.
Be sure to re-state the question before providing your response.
Include references in APA format on a separate page.
Do you think humans have free will to decide their own behaviors like the classical perspective suggests, or do you think humans have no free will like the positivist perspective assumes?
Why is formal punishment (e.g. threat of incarceration) NOT an effective deterrent against crime?
The classical perspective assumes that humans are rational. Do you think people rationally calculate the cost and benefit before deciding to commit a crime? Explain your position
What developmental pathways can you identify that may explain why some groups are disproportionately involved in the juvenile justice system?
USE ANY SCHOLARY SITE TO ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS AND PLEASE SITE EVERYTHING!!!!!

Your project is a position paper; therefore you must define the issue, include a reaction statement, and defend your position in the paper. The paper should fall between 1750 and 3000 words in length (with a typical font and spacing, 7 to 10 pages) excluding title page, TOC, and references.
Take a stand on the issue. After you have settled on an issue, think about the issue and take a stand. Formulate your thoughts. Know why you feel the way you do about the issue.
Evaluate the pros and cons of both sides of the issue. Display objectivity! You are not merely expressing your opinion. You are taking a point of view supported by professional literature. Do not merely conduct a superficial review of the issue. Roll up your sleeves and dig deep into the issue. Immerse yourself with the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of both sides of the issue. You must support all of your statements with citations from professional literature. While you are analyzing your issue and using your multiple professional sources, it will be important to analyze how the sources relate. If you are using only one source in a section of your paper, remember to connect the source to overarching concepts and themes you have discussed in your paper. All parts of your paper, including your sources, must be related.
Attached is the initial outline/proposal paper with five different sources

Assignment: Compare specific deterrence with general deterrence and analyze which seems to work best for juvenile offenders.
Grading criteria: 
Responses typed, using a standard font, 12-point type size,
double-spaced, with overall neatness and readability.
Restatement of the question and question number (exactly as stated in the Study
Guide).
Student used standard essay format: Introduction/Body/Conclusion.
Student demonstrated proper use of grammar, spelling, punctuation,
citation style, etc.
Student demonstrated an understanding of course content and key concepts,
as discussed in the text.
Student was able to examine, assess, evaluate, and/or analyze course
content and key concepts.
Student provided a clear and well-developed response to the question.
Textbook:
(S) Juvenile Delinquency In A Diverse Society
Kristin A. Bates // Richelle S. Swan, 2020
Sage Publication
ISBN.13: 978-1-544-37543-4

Please revise this paper because it appears as though you did not address the correct prompt. For this assignment, you were to identify historical case law limited to search and seizure, stop and frisk, searches for evidence, or police, interrogation and confessions.