Category: Criminology

develop a timeline outlining at least 10 terrorists acts by members of religious extremist groups that have occurred in other countries. This exercise will provide you with a better understanding of how difficult it is to prevent acts of terrorism, especially when those acts are grounded in the purposeful misinterpretation of religious scripture.
After you watch the video, you will write a three-page paper (not including the cover and reference page) in APA format, and include in your timeline the following information.
Date
The location of the event
The number of casualties
The group responsible
Whether or not this group is still active today
Whether or not those responsible were tried and convicted for their crimes
• Imagine drawing a horizontal or vertical line, your choice, but for this assignment I would recommend a vertical timeline, and listing the terrorist attacks you identified in chronological order by the year of the event. Then …
Begin this assignment by identifying ten terrorist acts.
Make sure all ten attacks were committed by religious extremist groups. You will need to identify these groups in your timeline.
Establish your timeline one event at a time in order to leave room for all of the required information.
Identify the dates.
List the events according to the dates.
Include the location of the event and number of casualties.
Name the group responsible.
State whether the group is active or inactive today.
State whether those responsible were convicted of their crimes.
And most importantly, remember to submit your paper by the deadline.

Challenges of Correctional Officers. I am choosing this topic because I use to be a correctional officer for a year. 

I got into some trouble back in 2002
I have to write a letter requesting that they remove the cases off of my record basically explaining I have not been in any trouble since then pleading my case as to why they should remove them also the statute limitation of time and the judge on the cases have retired. 

EMA: Research proposal (100% of the mark for this assignment)
Write a research proposal on one of the following two topics: 
Topic 1: Public trust in the police
Topic 2: Societal inequalities and education
Total marks available: 100 marks
Word limit: 2500 words

Please submit a 2-5 page background section for your research (literature review is due next week).
Topic you chose from the last assignment:
This semester, I plan to thoroughly investigate the “Impacts of Socioeconomic Status on Recidivism Rates issue”. The research is designed to examine the interrelation between socioeconomic status (SES) and the probability of ex-prisoners re-offending after their release. Our independent variable is SES, while our dependent variable is the recidivism rate.
The primary reason for selecting this topic is to identify the factors at the root of recidivism. This problem plagues our criminal system and prevents effective justice. By analyzing how socioeconomic status affects crime rates, we would be able to understand how poverty and crime are interconnected, and this idea will further the cycle of crime and incarceration (Drawve & McNeeley, 2021). Indicators from the lower socioeconomic ranks frequently experience hindrances in gaining education, employment opportunities, mental health facilities, and secure housing, all critical factors in reducing the chances of further offenses.
A comprehensive understanding of the connection between SES and recidivism rates is an invaluable guide for policymakers, practitioners, and stakeholders as they look to develop more effective programs. By identifying and removing the groundwork of recidivism, such as economic inequality, diverse approaches can be applied to obtain a fairer and more rehabilitative justice system (Drawve & McNeeley, 2021). Another critical aspect of the research is that it offers directions for allocating resources, advocacy, and policy formulation, which aims to break the cycle of crime through promoting social justice.
This topic is a convincing fact that it’s a real experience for those touched by this incarceration issue. By revealing the socioeconomic factors contributing to recidivism and gradually building a more inclusive society where every person with equal economic standing has the chance to gain redemption and rehabilitation, we can endeavor to achieve it.

Criminal justice organizations are structured differently based upon the mission of the organization. The organizational structure of law enforcement in the United States consists of both federal and state law enforcement agencies. At the federal level, 105 federal agencies exist that consist of thousands of federal law enforcement agents authorized to make arrests and carry firearms. In reference to the different federal agencies, at least 10,000 federal law enforcement personnel are in the Customs and Border Protection agency, Federal Bureau of Prisons, the FBI, and U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement. Federal officers are able to respond to threats against federal lands or borders, patrol these borders and lands, conduct criminal investigations, inspections, security and protection, court operations, and corrections. Take a look at the Department of Homeland Security’s, Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (FLETC) and the “Partner Organizations” that train there.
https://www.fletc.gov/current-participating-organizations
In addition, consider that State law enforcement agencies are vast and have huge variations in regard to laws and ordinances. In the U.S. there are more than 17,000 state and local law enforcement agencies with hundreds of thousands of officers. The states sovereign over a criminal justice system comprised of the police, courts, and corrections
This chapter is about the structure of criminal justice organizations which encompasses the police, courts and corrections. Let’s take a look at the organizational structures of correctional agencies, law enforcement agencies, and courts in both sovereigns. As part of the discussion, consider whether one of these criminal justice agencies operates with an open or closed system. Closed systems are hierarchical, formal, and mechanistic. Open systems are informal and organic. They rely on professionalism. Also consider Centralization versus Decentralization. In centralized organizations important decisions are made by upper managers. In decentralized organizations important decisions are made in the lower levels.
Class below you will see three prompts. They are simply that, just prompts to assist you and to get you thinking. You have latitude with this discussion. You may address one prompt or all three if you like. You may formulate your own thoughts on a similar topic or by using an example of a current event.
Given these two factors, e.g., Open versus Closed systems and Centralization versus Decentralization, which do you believe would be the most successful approach to running an agency, e.g., police, courts and corrections and why? You can choose one of the three or a combination of all three.
Should we consider the missions of the these agencies, its organizational structure, and the major areas of its services?
If we consider Community Policing models for example and how the role of police departments in public safety management have sought to reduce crime through improved relationships and direct partnerships between citizens and police, which do you think would be the best approach?

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION..
Overview.. 
Background. 
Situation
to Self 
Problem
Statement 
Purpose
Statement 
Significance
of the Study
Research
Questions
Definitions
Summary 
This is how chaper one should look. It is a Qualitative Dissertation Paper 
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
Overview
The purpose of Chapter One is to provide a framework for the research. The
chapter should create reader interest, provide a foundation for the problem
that necessitates the research, overview the context of literature in which the
research is founded, identify the importance of the research for a specific
audience, and briefly introduce the research via the research questions.   The Overview must clearly and concisely
describe the contents and organization of the chapter. Chapter One may vary in
length from 10-15 pages for the final dissertation.
Background
The Background section
contains a summary of the most relevant literature and provides the historical
(i.e., how the problem has evolved over time), social (i.e., contexts), and
theoretical (e.g., important variables, the theoretical concepts, and the
principles underpinning the research) contexts for the research problem. Each
of the three contexts must be specifically examined using APA Level 2 headings
for each. You should be sure to link and relate the background of the study to
the proposed research. Questions that may be asked or addressed in this section
may include, but are not limited to: What is the problem and why is it an
interest?  Who else is affected by the
problem?  What research has been done to
investigate or address the problem?  How
will the proposed research extend or refine the existing knowledge in the area
under study?  Who will benefit or use the
proposed research?  What new information
does the current research add to the body of existing literature regarding the
topic?  The majority of literature cited
in this section should be no more than five years old.
Situation to Self
This section provides an opportunity for you to articulate your
motivation for conducting the study and identify the philosophical assumptions
(ontological, epistemological, rhetorical, axiological) you bring to the
research and the paradigm (positivism/post-positivism, constructivism,
participatory, and pragmatism) that will guide the study.
Problem Statement
“A problem might be defined as the
issue that exists in the literature, theory, or practice that leads to a need
for the study” (Creswell, 1994, p. 50). A problem statement summarizes “the
context for the study” and the main problem the researcher seeks to address
(Wiersma, 1995, p. 404). It identifies the general problem, the specific
problem, the focus of the research, and the population sample. The problem
statement draws from the background section; it includes current (i.e., five
years or less since publication) literature (three to five citations) to show
that the proposed research is empirically significant and relevant to the field.
It should be stated clearly and unambiguously in one to two paragraphs. You should
state: “The problem is….”  In one to two focused
paragraphs, convince the reader why the particular issue or problem your study
is investigating needs to be done.
·     
Introduce the general topic needing more
research, including relevant/recent statistics on the issue.
·     
Summarize the recent research on the topic.
·     
Explain how/why the current research is
deficient or falls short.
·     
Conclude with a focused statement identifying
the problem in relation to your research design.
Purpose Statement
The purpose
statement should follow the problem statement and clearly and succinctly state the
focus and intentions of the proposed research. “The purpose statement should
provide a specific and accurate synopsis of the overall purpose of the study”
(Locke, Spirduso, & Silverman, 1987, p. 5) and begin with the following
statement: “The purpose of this study is . . .” It foreshadows the research
question(s), and the statement must be used consistently throughout the
dissertation. You are encouraged to use the following template adapted from
Creswell (2013):
The purpose of
this _________ (phenomenological, grounded theory, ethnographic, case,
historical) study is to _______________ (understand? describe? develop?
discover?) the _____________ (central phenomenon of the study) for
_____________ (the participants) at __________ (the site). At this stage in the
research, ___________ (central phenomenon) will be generally defined as
________________ (a general definition of the central concept). The theory
guiding this study is (identify theory and cite theorist) as it (explain the
relationship between the theory and your focus of inquiry).
Although brief in nature, the problem
and purpose statements are two very important aspects of the manuscript. These
statements support the importance of the study and identify the goal of the
research. All preceding writing within the manuscript should funnel into the
problem and purpose statements, and all proceeding aspects of the manuscript should
align with, support, and further expand upon the problem and purpose
statements.
Significance of the Study
The significance of the study section
contains a description of the contributions that the study makes to the
knowledge base or discipline, both theoretically and empirically (i.e., How
does it relate to other studies that are similar or that investigate the same
issue?)
This section also
includes a brief description of the practical significance of the study; why it
is important to the location, organization, general population, or sample being
studied (e.g., Why and how does it affect them?  How will it improve the conditions, lives,
work environment, etc.?  How can this
study be used on a wider scale to affect change to help a wider group of people
or the organization as a whole?). References are very
important here to lend additional credence and support the study. All
assertions in this section need to be well supported by the literature. Citations
are needed.
Research Questions
The proposed
research questions should be derived from the problem and purpose statements. A well-written research question is feasible, clear,
significant, and ethical. In qualitative studies, research questions are
often philosophical or pragmatic in nature and ask about meaning, process,
perceptions, or behavior. Qualitative research questions are usually broader
and become more specific as you move into the actual data collection/analysis
process. Identify at least three research questions. If a central research
question is used, the subsequent questions are called sub-questions. Include a
brief description and discussion of each one before moving to the next question,
using the literature (including citations) to support the focus of the question.
Remember that each research question will need to be addressed in the data
collection, data analysis, and discussion sections of later chapters. Be sure
these questions do not elicit simple yes/no responses. Note that traditional
research hypotheses are not necessary or appropriate for most qualitative
studies.
Definitions
Terms pertinent to the study should be listed and defined
as the final section of Chapter One. All definitions in this section also need to
be supported by the literature. Include terms that use abbreviations. Citations
are needed. Dictionary definitions
are not acceptable. Example:
1.     Attitude – Attitude is a psychological
tendency that involves evaluating a particular object with some degree of favor
or disfavor (Eagly & Chaiken, 1993).
2.     Interest – The combination of emotion
and personal valuation of a task resulting in a desire for various levels of
enjoyment (Ainley & Ainley, 2011).
3.     Etc…
Summary
Provide a chapter
summary here. The Summary includes a succinct restatement of the problem and
purpose of the study and provides a strong conclusion to the chapter.

RJ Solutions
Deanna Van Buren: https://www.ted.com/talks/deanna_van_buren_what_a_world_without_prisons_could_look_like?language=en
Dhamma Brothers: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=phHib5VaCeE
The Interrupters: https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/documentary/interrupters/
or on your own, create an RJ solution that you believes would address a particular community need. Write a 600-word OP-ED as a group that proposes this solution. See the OP-ED examples and information:
https://www.ala.org/advocacy/advleg/publicawareness/campaign%40yourlibrary/prtools/handbook/sample-op-ed
https://www.theopedproject.org/resources

Research and referencing
Wherever you discuss, summarise, paraphrase or quote a source you must provide a reference.
In this task, you are required to provide a minimum of 6 academic sources. At least 2 of these
sources published in the last 24 months.
Appropriate academic sources include:
• credible peer-reviewed sources such as journal articles, academic books, book chapters in
edited books, and government reports. Publications available electronically, such as from
The Trends and Issues series from the Australian Institute of Criminology and the NSW
Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research can be used.
• Newspapers or magazine articles and internet webpages are not appropriate sources for
this task. They should only be used in conjunction with academic sources. You should also
avoid encyclopaedic entries and textbooks (particularly your course textbook).
Please follow APA 7 style of in-text references and the reference list. See the ACU Library guide:
https://libguides.acu.edu.au/referencing/apa7

Summarize the case briefly no more than 75 words. What crime was committed? What was the charges? List the key players in the case and explain their role in this case. Analyze the involvement of the courts. Describe the court type and why it had jurisdiction. Explain the stages that were carried out in the criminal trial was there a pretrial stage? The defendant resort to plea bargaining? Explain the outcome of the sentencing process what was the rationale for sentencing?