Category: Criminology

For the term paper, your need to choose a one of the theories that we cover in the class and explain one or more types of crime. It is important to explain different aspects of the crime using your theory in a way that reader can see the application of the theory to illuminate that crime. You need to use scholarly materials to support your statements. The final product will be a 5-7 pages that will include the following: 1. General introduction of topic and explaining why you think it is important 2. Defining main concepts and arguments of your theoretical framework. 3. A brief analysis of your findings and a conclusion, 4- References and appropriate citations.

the community, rather than against it. But often, the operations and the actual employees do not reflect the communities being served.
How might including people from under-represented racial, gender and religious groups affect police departments (internally)?
How might affirmative action in hiring of police be useful in tackling bias against certain communities?
What is Problem-Solving Policing, do you think it has been effective in improving the relationship between police and the community? Why or why not? And how is Homeland security interrelated with community policing.
How might diversity in police forces contribute to tackling discrimination by law enforcement and improve the purpose of community policing?
please use these links as citations and references
***DO NOT USE OUTSIDE RESOURCES***

https://bbhosted.cuny.edu/bbcswebdav/pid-84906651-dt-content-rid-643556012_1/xid-643556012_1
(the beat podcast )
https://www.justice.gov/archive/ll/highlights.htm
file:///var/mobile/Library/SMS/Attachments/b8/08/F6E00A97-A205-4AC2-8E0A-BED5FB89AA03/IMG_5935.jpeg

CRIM Final Paper. 
Hello, 
Please find my syllabus, and readings attached. Note that my lecture notes must be somehow incorporated, but because there are many, I will send only the ones you require. Please go through the assignment and syllabus, and let me know what lectures you need to incorporate (terminologies, themes, etc) so I can send them to you. This goes for the readings as well. 🙂
Also, to have an idea of what the policy solution looks like for this class, I have attached my previous assignment (Policy brief). Please note that it is to have an idea of what to do and it is not a part of this assignment. 
Assignment Instructions:
This assignment combines aspects of previous assignments to assess your overall understanding of the materials and learning outcomes of this course. You must propose a policy solution to one of the issues discussed in the course, or otherwise demonstrably related to the course content and/or themes (i.e., criminal justice related). Your solution must be a criminal justice policy, or a policy with significant and clearly articulated criminal justice implications or relevance. Your proposed solution can be a completely novel policy, or it can be a revision of an existing policy or set of policies (the revision must be significant enough to be the subject of a paper of this length); it can even (but does not have to) combine elements of criminal justice policy with elements of other kinds of policy. Importantly, your policy must apply to a criminal justice issue, and take into account government infrastructure, in Canada (at the federal, provincial or territorial, or municipal level). 
Your paper must have the following components: 
• The context out of which the need for your solution arises: You must justify the need for this policy within contemporary social issues, public opinions or community needs, and policy shortcomings – in other words explain and defend the need for your solution. 
• Discursive considerations: How are you framing the problem that your solution addresses and how is this framing different from existing framings (i.e., framings in existing government approaches to this issue)? What dominant discourses and subjugated knowledges are you engaging, challenging, and/or adopting with this solution? 
• Theoretical engagement: In addition to practical considerations, you must justify your policy using theoretical tools (theory/ies and/or concept/s) drawn from course readings, and, if desired, other scholarly references, and apply them across or where suitable in the paper.
• What it involves: Describe what, exactly, your solution includes and involves. This may include a creative or visual layout for the policy such as a bill-like format, or a table. You must specify if your solution is a modification to an existing policy or set of policies (like how bills propose changes to various laws), or something completely new. As part of this you must also consider and explain how it fits into, or with, existing and relevant government structures, policies and/or procedures. 
• How it works: Explain how your policy solution would be implemented, including: whom it targets, regulates and/or affects; the geographical community, institution, organization, and/or level of government to which it applies; how it will be rolled out; and its anticipated effects/impacts.
• An introduction that gives a roadmap of your paper, and a conclusion that reiterates your key points and speaks to the importance of your proposed solution. 
Your proposed policy solution must be clear, creative, internally coherent, and appropriate for the problem and context identified. Your solution must also be your own invention – you cannot simply describe a criminal justice policy that is currently being introduced in Canada (e.g., a bill). If you want to do a police-related policy for your final paper, it must pertain to a different (not Toronto) municipal service, a provincial force, or the RCMP.
Your reference list must contain at least 12 references. Acceptable references include: at least 4 academic publications (i.e., not policy/legislative texts) from the course readings list; other academic publications including journal articles and books; existing pieces of legislation you are specifically using (e.g., specific Criminal Code sections, municipal regulations) – you are advised to use bills carefully (e.g., defend use or relationship if it did not become law); reports by government agencies, think tanks, or non-governmental organizations; evidence of public opinion, including website content, press releases, and social media content by advocacy/community organizations, as well as newspaper articles (but do not use newspaper articles for statistics or facts – use scholarly or other research reports, such as statistical reports from Statistics Canada, for this instead). 
Format: 
12 pages (max. 14; exclusive of reference list) double-spaced in length, Times New Roman font, with APA referencing for in-text citations and reference list (see guide in eClass). You must note the page number for all in-text citations, both for direct quotes and paraphrasing (for online sources without page numbers, write np). Block quotes (over 40 words) are allowed in an assignment of this length if they are well-chosen (i.e., paraphrasing would not suffice for some specific reason); in general however, you are urged to paraphrase in order to demonstrate your understanding of the issues discussed. 
You are expected to title your paper, and also to name your suggested policy solution (does not have to be significantly different from the name of your paper, but it can be). Be sure to include name and student number at the top of the first page of your essay – a title page is not necessary. 
Evaluation: 
You will be graded on the quality of your analysis and justification, including your application of theoretical tools, and your consideration of existing government policy and infrastructure, and current/relevant (e.g., community, crime) issues; the design of your solution, including its appropriateness, feasibility, timeliness, and cohesiveness; your creativity; your writing (including clarity, grammar, and spelling); and your APA referencing. 
————–
Please find my syllabus, and readings attached. 
Draft Ideas: 
Here are some readings from the syllabus that I think can build a foundation for the policy solution. Please feel free to edit or add ideas. Also, If you require access to some articles, please let me know and I can send you the pdf. 
1. Context and Justification:
– Roach, K. (2014). Blaming the victim: Canadian law, causation, and residential schools. University of Toronto Law Journal, 64(4), 566-595.
– Murphy-Oikonen, J., McQueen, K., Miller, A., Chambers, L., & Hiebert, A. (2022). Unfounded sexual assault: Women’s experiences of not being believed by the police. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 37(11-12), NP8916-NP8940.
2. Discursive Considerations:
– Chan, W., & Chunn, D. (2014). Intersectionality, crime and criminal justice. Racialization, crime, and criminal justice in Canada (pp. 27-38). Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
– Razack, S. (2008). Introduction: Race thinking and the camp. Casting out: The eviction of Muslims from Western law and politics (pp. 3-22). University of Toronto Press.
3. Theoretical Engagement:
– Turkel, G. (1990). Michel Foucault: Law, power, and knowledge. Journal of Law and Society, 17(2), 170-193.
– Cohen, S. (1985). Inside the system. Visions of social control: Crime, punishment and classification (pp. 40-86). Cambridge: Polity Press.
4. Policy Design and Implementation:
– Bill C-36 (2014), Protection of Communities and Exploited Persons Act: An Act to Amend the Criminal Code in Response to the Supreme Court of Canada Decision in Attorney General of Canada v. Bedford and to Make Consequential Amendments to Other Acts, 2nd session, 41st Parliament. Preamble only.
– Bill S-7 (2015), Zero Tolerance for Barbaric Cultural Practices Act.
5. Policy Analysis:
– Bacchi, C., & Goodwin, S. (2016). Chapter 2: Making politics visible: The WPR approach. Poststructural policy analysis: A guide to practice (pp. 13-26). Springer.
– Bardach, E. (2012). Part I. A practical guide to policy analysis: The eightfold path to more effective problem solving (pp. 1-60). Los Angeles: Sage.
6. Alternatives to Criminal Justice Policy:
– Braithwaite, J., & Daly, J. (1998). Masculinities, violence, and community control. In T. Newburn & E. A. Stanko (Eds.), Just Boys Doing Business? Men, masculinities, and crime (pp. 189-213). New York: Routledge.
– Murdocca, C. (2020). Re-imagining “serving time” in indigenous communities. Canadian Journal of Women and the Law, 32(1), 31-60.

Analyze the role of Case Management in the field of corrections and its key components.
Please use the below textbook for the above essay. 
(S) Correctional Assessment, Casework, and Counseling
Anthony Walsh, Jessica Wells, Shaun M. Gann, 2021
Springer
ISBN.13: 978-3-030-55228-2
****Do not include embedded links in  writing assignments.  please add plaigrism report to order. ****

For both questions can you answer them both separately. It is not an essay  a page worth for each question is fine as well.

Instructions: Scenario: You are a police officer who responded to a theft scene, during which time you located the suspect down the road. You found that the suspect broke into the Family Dollar store and stole over three hundred dollars in cigarettes and other miscellaneous items through your investigation. The entry point was through the front glass door as there was a brick inside the storefront with shards of glass on the ground. There was no video surveillance available, but cartons of cigarettes were found leading up to the suspect, who kept falling and dropping items as he fled. Questioning the suspect, he did not speak much other than saying he was on his way home. His nonverbal communication (looking down at the ground, shaking in his voice, paralinguistic, standing at a personal distance, facial expressions) led to suspicion that he was untruthful. He was arrested that night and charged with burglary and larceny. He is contesting his involvement in the theft and declaring that he was never there. In lieu of showing up to court due to personal reasons, you must send a sworn written statement to the court addressing what happened and what your observations were. Complete the arrest report template. The arrest report will be concise and to the point regarding what led to probable cause. After completing the arrest report, complete a sworn written statement attesting to your observations (roughly two pages in length). This sworn letter to the court include the following: • What you saw when you arrived • What the suspect said or did • Items found in the area • What you found inside the store • What led you to believe the suspect was guilty of the crime and the probable cause that led to the arrest? CRJ311– Effective Communications for Criminal Justice Professions Courtroom Testimony • What were the suspect’s mannerisms (body language)? Requirements: • Submit a Word document – sworn written statement. • Arrest Report PDF

Assignment details
This essay is designed to develop your critical thinking and analysis skills relevant to your discipline. You will select two of the policing topics to research and analyse. Your analysis should include the materials you have covered in this unit, as well as evidence of further research of the literature. 
This assignment supports unit learning outcomes 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5.
Using a minimum of ten (10) scholarly sources, you are required to produce a 2000-word essay based on the following brief: 
Critically discuss two contemporary challenges that shape policing priorities in your state of residence.  The state of residence is Victoria Australia.
Your essay must critically address two (2) of the following topics:
Police accountability and standards
Police use of force
Policing diverse communities
Plural policing
Transnational policing
Police visibility
Evidence-based policing.
Research
You will need to undertake extensive scholarly research of the topics, including consideration of relevant theories in criminology. References may be academic books, professional journal articles, or book chapters. References may be obtained from the internet as long as they are from professional sources and are cited appropriately using APA 7 style. Do not use unreferenced material from the internet or generative AI (artificial intelligence) writing tools.
For you to consider:
Take the time to plan properly. 2000 words is a substantial piece of writing but breaking it up into its components is less complicated than you might think.
Back up your claims with research. This means not only making a claim and but also supporting that claim with evidence (i.e. references to scholarly sources). Good essays are well supported by research. Aim to include two or three references in each paragraph in the body of your essay.
Start writing early. A 2000-word essay takes time and you may find that your approach changes as you conduct your research.
Use appropriate sources, particularly peer-reviewed articles and books. You may use other sources to provide supporting information (e.g. the ABS or BOCSAR sites for crime statistics). Include at least ten references in your research essay. This is a minimum requirement—higher grades will likely have more than this.
Do not use non-scholarly sources e.g. random websites or Wikipedia. Also remember that this is a research essay—we want to see how well you can find your information. This means we want to see referencing beyond the resources we have given to you (i.e. your essential readings).
Discuss your essay plan and any potential problematic issues with your eLA. They can provide specific advice about your chosen topic and advise you on the best approaches to take.

One of the central ideas from the classical school of thought is that people choose to commit crimes, and to prevent them from doing that, we need to make better laws that provide a greater sense of deterrence. The positivist school of thought suggests that there are scientific explanations that cause people to commit crimes. Both schools of thought have led to significant changes in criminal justice practices. Which school of thought do you believe has influenced criminal justice practices the most?
Take a position. Do you believe the classical school of thought or the positivist school of thought has had the most influence on criminal justice practices?
First, title your initial post either “The classical school of thought has influenced criminal justice practices the most” or “The positivist school of thought has influenced the criminal justice system the most.”
Then, using the information from resources in this module, make your case. What practices in the criminal justice system are evidence of the influence of your chosen school of thought? Consider the impact on the following:
laws or policies
law enforcement
court system and sentencing
corrections, rehabilitation, parole
reducing crime rates and recidivism
In your responses to your peers, consider how well they justified their positions, making use of available resources. Consider the following questions in your response post:
Did they support their position convincingly using appropriate resources?
Which of their points make the most sense to you, even if you made a case for the opposing viewpoint?

Is ‘biology’ important in explaining crime and deviance? Explain your answer with reference to early and modern biological approaches to criminology.
You must answer, in 2000 words (plus or minus 10 percent), ONE of the questions listed at the end of these instructions.
To pass this assessment:
a) your work must be submitted via Turnitin, by 3pm on 15th May, 2024, using the correct turnitin link (this will appear in due course)
b) Your work must be in essay format. This means:
i) it must be presented in the same typeface throughout.
ii) it must be written in sentences, with an introduction, main body and conclusion (no bullet points, diagrams or graphs. Sub headings should be avoided). 
iii) your essay needs to be clearly and accurately referenced throughout, using the Harvard system.
iv) your work must include an appropriately-presented bibliography at the end giving full details of all the in-text references you have used. 
v) your work must be readable, so please also check your work carefully for spelling and grammatical accuracy. Get someone else to check your work and use the read aloud function on word

Topic
The author
outlines the differences in the Cultures of Psychology and the Legal System by
explaining the differences between rulings and data.
One of these
explanations is that precedents influence current rulings in cases.
Discuss the
possibility of cases for which there are no precedents and cases for which new
laws are being enacted, such as gay marriage and child custody. Who has the
rights to the child when both parents are mothers? Fathers? What about marriage
between a naturally born male or female and a postoperative gender reassigned
male or female? What happens in cases for which there are no precedents? How
would students rule if they were judges?
Each thread must be at least 400 words and must support your assertions with 
at least 2 citations in current APA format. Lastly please incorporate a biblical 
perspective.