Category: Criminal justice

Your Final Exam consists of 2 essay questions with two parts based on the material learned in the last 8 weeks. There is no time limit. You may enter and exit the exam as many times as you like. However, do not move on to the next question until you have completed the current question, as you will not be able to go back.
Each essay response is to be a minimum of 800 words excluding the reference listing.
Direct quotes are not to be used in test answers. No personal opinion or experience. No use of first/second person language. Refer only to your findings per the sources used.
Answers are to be consistent with college-level writing and supported by a minimum of 2 peer-reviewed, scholarly sources. The essays must be written in proper APA format and include in-text citations to credit your sources.
Question #1.) Using proper APA format in at least 800 words, briefly discuss the evolution of fire investigations and its impact on arson cases. As well as, briefly provide an overview of the reliability of computer fire models at trial.

1. Identify, discuss, and compare the roles of members assigned to a crisis team. As a minimum include (a) negotiators, tactical team members, and health care/mental health professionals. Please make sure to discuss (in specifics) what each brings to the team and how they can or and should be used. As part of the latter, include a discussion related to soft versus hard negotiations.
MINIMUM 14 PAGES OF WRITTEN PAPER. PLEASE ADD ABSTRACT AND REFERENCE PAGES. I ADDED 2 TO THE PAPER REQUIREMENT TO ACCOMMODATE.
MINIMUM 10 PRIMARY REFERENCES NEEDED. I ADDED 4 ARTICLES THAT CAN BE USED.
minimum of 14 double spaced pages of written content (not including title page, images, charts, abstract, table of contents, and or reference pages). The inclusion of a “running head” is not required.
Note: This paper is linked to the following 6 course learning objectives:
CO2: Summarize the phenomenon known as Stockholm Syndrome, to include traits associated with both survivors and succumbers;
CO3: Recommend actions for negotiating in various circumstances; to include negotiating with individuals with past military experience, and the emotionally disturbed;
CO4: Outline the warning signs and appropriate law enforcement actions regarding suicide by cop;
CO5: Compare and contrast soft versus hard negotiations;
CO6: Examine successful versus unsuccessful traits of hostage negotiators, to include the impact and method of dealing with polarization;
CO8: Extrapolate the role that health care professionals, hostage negotiators, and tactical team members play in successfully dealing with crisis and hostage situation.
This research paper must be written using the most recent version of the American Psychological Association (APA) manual and style. In part this must include the following: (b) Times New Roman style, (c) 12-point font, (d) double-spaced, with (e) 1 inch page margins all around. For general guidance see the current Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association.

In a 4- to 6-page paper, discuss the effects of terrorism on the domestic and global communities. Select three specific terrorist attacks that have occurred against the United States, either at home or abroad, and discuss the impacts of each of these attacks on the domestic and global communities with regard to political, economic, and social factors. Based on your discussion, what conclusions can be drawn about the overall effects of terrorism regarding each of these factors?
Use at least two credible sources beyond the assigned reading and discuss how you evaluated the credibility of each source. You may consult the Library, the internet, the textbook, other course material, and any other outside resources in supporting your task, using proper citations and references in APA style.

The potential threat posed by cyberterrorism has provoked considerable alarm. Numerous security experts, politicians, and others have publicized the danger of cyberterrorists hacking into government and private computer systems and crippling the military, financial, and service sectors of advanced economies. Psychological, political, and economic forces have combined to promote the fear of cyberterrorism. From a psychological perspective, two of the greatest fears of modern times are combined in the term cyberterrorism. The fear of random, violent victimization blends well with the distrust and outright fear of computer technology.
Debate continues to exist regarding the nature and definition of cyberterrorism. Using the assigned readings and additional resources, discuss the extent to which cyberterrorism exists and the characteristics that distinguish cyberterrorism from cybercrime. Provide specific examples to support your application and analysis of the debate surrounding the nature and definition of cyberterrorism. In addition, discuss the potential effects of cyberterrorism, providing specific examples. Your paper should be 4–6 pages in length and include at least five specific examples of different types of cyberterrorism that might be conducted and the associated effects that would be expected from such an attack.
Use at least two credible sources beyond the assigned reading and discuss how you evaluated the credibility of each source. You may consult the Library, the internet, the textbook, other course material, and any other outside resources in supporting your task, using proper citations and references in APA style.

You must submit a 2-3 page summary of the assigned readings from this week. This is not the appropriate place to discuss whether or not you enjoyed the material but is instead a means to assess whether or not you understood the material well enough to briefly summarize it. In other words, do not make your own argument in the summary papers (you will do that on your exam answers), instead summarize the study or key arguments the author(s) is making.

Course Activities for Chapter #2
Watch this video of the Lakewood Ohio Community Policing Division. Next, search the police or sheriff’s office, which serves your community, and determine if they utilize the Community Policing philosophy. If it is not on the website, you may have to call and ask them if and how they utilize community policing. Ask whomever you talk with a few questions about the program. I know this seems odd, but if your department does use the program correctly, it is something they want to communicate with the public. Describe your thoughts after reviewing this resource in the form of three paragraphs including the following:Describe the concept of community policing.
Explain how community policing is different from ‘traditional’ policing? Which agency did you contact?
Does the agency you contacted employ community policing? If yes, how and to what degree? If no, how do you know? Explain why and how.
What community policing efforts would you implement in a department you managed?
Omitted…
Visit www.neighborhoodscout.com and search the city that you live. To use the free side follow these directions (enter the city and state you want to search in the search box, hit enter and then click on Crime Rates; unfortunately you cannot compare individual neighborhoods without paying). Review the crime rates which occur in and around your city. Then look at another city and then search a town that you believe has a very high crime rate. Be sure you spend some time using this resource. Describe your thoughts after reviewing this resource in the form of two paragraphs including the following:Give some crime rate statistics for your neighborhood (city) compared to state, another city, or national rates.
Were you surprised by the crime rate in your or your relatives’ town? Why or why not?
Were there areas, which had higher crime rates or more severe type of offenses?Does this support the concept of ‘Hotspot Policing’? Explain.
As an administrator, how would you address the issue of high crime areas?
Conduct an internet search for videos of police brutality. Select one, which you would like to discuss this activity. (Hint: It may be useful/necessary to search for the incident and see any written or news reports, so you have a complete picture of what occurred on both sides.) Describe your thoughts after reviewing this resource in the form of three paragraphs including the following:Include the link to the video in your submission
What type of violation is alleged to have occurred? (privacy violation, false arrest, assault, restriction of speech, etc.)
Where there any other factors suspected to have been an issue? (racism, gender, etc.)
Do you believe this incident will affect the police community relationship? Explain.
As an administrator, what would you do to the officer(s) who is in the video? How would you address the situation to the media and the community to recover from this incident (regardless of if the office was in the right or not)? Please spend at least a full paragraph on this.

Now that you understand a bit about criminological theory let’s put that information into practice. For this, you’ll need to pick a theory, perhaps the theory you used for your discussion. Anyway, pick a theory and relate it to a current criminal justice practice or program. As an example, Routine Activity Theory (RAT) says that if a motivated offender, a lack of capable guardians, and a suitable target are present then criminal behavior is more likely than not to occur. Thus if someone that needs money to pay their rent (a motivated offender) knows there is a house in the neighborhood with a lot of cash (a suitable) target where the occupants the are gone ( a lack of capable guardians) the likelihood that house is going to be burglarized is increased when compared to other houses in the neighborhood. A proper criminal justice response would be to counter 1 or all 3 of the components of RAT. Perhaps we increase police patrols. That would increase guardianship? How would we make our house less suitable for burglary? Perhaps public service announcements to the public about not putting your vacation plans on social media?
Use social disorganization theory
Crime rates are high in particular neighborhoods because they are
“disorganized”-
Disorganized neighborhoods=transient, no/low collective efficacy,
heterogeneous, impoverished, communal fear, no/low social mobility
Low informal social control a result thus high formal social control in
attempt to fill void

Chapter 3 is all about the “causes” of crime. We have to use the term “causes” of criminal behavior very carefully. It may be better to say there are no “causes” of criminal behavior but rather facilitators of crime. Since Criminology is a Social Science determining causality is difficult. That said. I would like you to tell us what criminological theory best explains crime in your opinion. You will first need to tell us a little bit about the theory. This should be no less than 150 words. Next, tell us why you think this theory best explains criminality. This can be done in no less than 150 words.
Finally ask a question about criminology in general, perhaps questions about a particular theory, or anything that relates to the chapter. I’ll answer it as best I can. You may want to look at the Critical Thinking exercise for this module and ask a question.
Use social disorganization theory

Responses to each question should be at least 500 words each (not counting sources and references) and each question should have at least 2 different sources properly cited in accordance with APA. Questions with 2 parts (and there is 1 question like this) will require a minimum of a 1,000 word total response…500 word minimum per question part, and 2 references per question part) Must include references in answers
There are 4 separate questions that must be answered. Question 1 is a two part question and should be 500 word response to each question.

Juvenile court takes place in civil court, not criminal court. This is purposeful in its approach. Given that we want to avoid stigmatizing juvenile offenders, an approach taken is to handle their legal violations in civil court where family court issues are handled. The idea here is that handling juvenile offenders in criminal court would result in a “conviction” rendering the juvenile offenders convicts, thus stigmatizing them.
However, in civil court, whether it is used for family court, civil process, lawsuits, or juvenile offenders, has always utilized a different standard of evidence than the criminal court. Read In Re Winship and conduct a legal brief on this landmark ruling. A legal brief requires the following: the case title, statement of the issue of the case, the details of the case background, and the way in which the court ruled, with an explanation supporting that ruling.
At the conclusion of your case brief, take a stance for or against the ruling handed down. Do you agree with The High Court’s stipulation on the standard of evidence required for adjudication of a juvenile offender? Why or why not?
Include citations please APA