Category: Criminal justice

A number of individual theoretical explanations for juvenile delinquency have been presented in the lesson and readings for this week. Some of these explanations focus on the personal characteristics of the juvenile, while others attribute delinquency to societal factors.
In your initial response, begin by discussing whether you believe personal or societal factors have the biggest influence on juvenile delinquency. Next, identify one specific personal characteristic or societal factor that you believe most accurately explains what contributes to juvenile delinquency. Briefly defend the personal characteristic or societal factor you selected by explaining why it is more accurate than other theories presented this week. Be sure to address all of the above in your response.
Support your response with current, scholarly research that has been published within the past 5-10 years. The more recent, the better.

The purpose of this assignment is for students to demonstrate breadth and depth in knowledge of one criminological theory covered during the semester. This assignment aligns with course learning objectives 1, 3, 4, & 5. instructions
Select a criminological theory from any of the theories that you have learned about this semester (see list below). You should select the theory you believe is the most valid explanation of criminal behavior from the list below. Answer the following prompts in your paper. You should use the prompts as subheadings in your paper.
Introduction to Paper – In a clear thesis statement identify one theory covered in class that you believe is the most valid explanation for criminal behavior. What are the main theoretical assumptions of the theory? Discuss the history of the development of the theory.
Has the theory been empirically supported? Cite three to five empirical peer-reviewed journal articles that have tested the theory, and be sure to report the findings of these studies.
What policies could be implemented if the theory were to be adopted by the criminal justice system?
Explain in detail why you think this theory does the best job of explaining criminal behavior. Be sure to support your argument with the theoretical assumptions, historical development, empirical support, and policy implications of the theory. Theory Options
Deterrence Theory
Rational Choice Theory
Routine Activities Theory
Biosocial Explanations
IQ Explanations
Mental Illness/Disorders/Deficiencies Explanations
Merton’s Anomie/Strain Theory
Cohen’s Theory of Lower Class Status Frustration
Cloward and Ohlin’s Differential Opportunity Theory
Agnew’s General Strain Theory
Social Disorganization Theory
Subculture of Violence Theory
Focal Concerns Theory
The Code of the Streets
Social Learning Theory
Social Bonds Theory
Neutralization Theory
General Theory of Crime
Moffitt’s Developmental Taxonomy
Sampson & Laub’s Age Graded Social Bond Theory
Thornberry’s Interactional Theory
Labeling Theory
Braithwaite’s Reintegrative Shaming Theory
Conflict Theory
Feminist Theory
how to submit
Formatting Instructions
Microsoft Word .doc or docx
Include Cover Page
1500 to 2000 words (excluding title page and reference page)
Times New Roman Font
12 Point Font
Double Spaced
1”inch margins all around
Grammar & Presentation Instructions:
Should contain headings as per APA formatting style
Should not contain colloquialism and contractions
Should be coherent Should be written in proper grammar, Include proper in text and references in APA style
A minimum of 3 empirical peer reviewed journal articles testing the theory is required.

Students will write a scholarly paper that is a minimum of 8-10 pages in length (8-10 pages excluding the title page, abstract, and reference page) in proper APA style format.
References may be found in the APUS library or search engines such as Google Scholar.  The paper must include at least five peer-reviewed sources that cover your chosen topic from the list below. Keep in mind that 5 is the minimum.  A good quality research paper usually contains more than 10.  Sources should be as current as possible. Do not forget to use in-text citations to credit your sources.
The references used for your research need to be peer-reviewed/scholarly journals. These journals typically have the following characteristics:
1. a panel of experts reviews articles before they are accepted for publication;
2. a scholar or specialist in the field writes articles;
3. articles report on original research or experimentation;
4. are often published by professional associations;
5. utilize terminology associated with the discipline.
The use of newspapers, news magazines, and similar periodicals must be kept to a minimum and will be acceptable only as sources for supplementary information.
References like “Wikipedia,” “Psychology Today,” and “Court TV” are not primary sources, are not peer-reviewed (reviewed for empirical integrity, accuracy, and authenticity), and are not appropriate references for scholarly writing (with the possible exception of use for anecdotal background information).
The paper should be of high quality, free of spelling and grammatical errors, and of original work. In addition, it needs to be in proper APA style format. Plagiarism or use of AI programs will not be permitted.

The criminal law is constantly evolving.  In this assignment, you will research a legislative change that has occurred in either California or federal law within the last five years and author an essay regarding the change in the law.
In order to fulfill this assignment, you must do the following.
Identify a legislative change in California or federal criminal law that has occurred in the last five years. You may select any newly enacted legislation relating to the criminal law or any change to the existing state or federal criminal law.   Although you may find and select any new or changed law, some acceptable examples include the following:
AB 2542 (Racial Justice Act)
SB 1437 (Accomplice Liability for Felony Murder)
Proposition 64 (The Control, Regulate and Tax Adult Use of Marijuana Act)
SB 1793 (Cannabis Convictions Resentencing)
AB 2147 (Convictions: expungement: incarcerated individual hand crews)
AB 1950 (Probation Length of Terms)
AB 392 (Police Officers: Deadly Force)
Read the law.
3. Write a minimum 4 full page discussion about the new legislation/legislative change which addresses the following:
a) describe the new law and/or how the law has changed;
b) what were the circumstances that led to and/or arguments in favor of the legislative change;
c) what arguments, if any, existed against adopting the new law or changing the law in the manner it was changed;
d) what impact you believe the new law/change in law will have; and
e) what your personal opinion is about the new law/change in law.
Your short essay must be a minimum of four full pages, double-spaced, with margins no greater than 1 inch, in Times New Roman or Courier New font, no larger than 12 point. Cover and reference pages do not count toward the minimum page length requirement.

Each student is be required to complete the term project, which is a 5-8 page (not counting the cover, abstract and reference page) research paper in APA format.
Proofread final paper carefully for spelling, punctuation, missing or duplicated words. Make the effort to ensure that your final paper is clean, tidy, neat, and attractive and is in proper APA format. Be sure to have your final paper ready a day or two before the deadline. This gives you peace of mind and a chance to triple check. Before handing in your assignment for marking, ask yourself: “Is this the VERY BEST that I can do?”
Proof read your paper.
Once you have submitted the assignment it is automatically run through a plagiarism checker tool.
he did not like it i need the best you got

Paige’s W1 Post
Adjust automatic marking as read setting
The USA Patriot Act was passed in response to the September 11th attacks. It was made with the intent of providing law enforcement agencies with resources to combat terrorism, such as expanded surveillance powers, and enhanced information sharing between agencies. Agencies and officers have stated that these measures have helped preventing further attacks, such as the one that occurred in September 2001.
From the governments perspective this Act has proven its value, however some citizens raise concerns about the Act’s impact on individual rights to privacy. They argue that the surveillance granted by the Act step on their individual constitutional rights and are vulnerable to abuse. 
From my perspective I would not be willing to give up my personal privacy to allow law enforcement more power in terrorist situations. The Act violates constitutional rights for American citizens. Studies have shown that violent terrorists acts have been connected to poverty, persecution, and lack of human rights. I believe if we supported more people within the United States, we would lower the terrorism rate significantly. By assisting homeless people, giving resources to the mentally ill, and offering more resources to single parent households we would cut the population willing to hurt the system that helps them.
Citizens being watched and tracked isn’t the answer to a situation. Assisting people when they’re struggling in life is what could really impact the terrorism and patriotism level. Now, individuals coming into this country with ill intent, or if they are coming from a country that has issues with the US, they should be tracked and monitored to avoid any harm to the American people.
https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/infocus/patriotact/#:~:text=The%20Patriot%20Act%20Reauthorization%20Tackles,rather%20than%20traditional%20financial%20institutions.

Week 1
Reinaldo Mora-Torres 
Carver (2016) details that many countries like our own have a tough time dealing with combating terrorism. The United States, post 9/11, had a reason to try and battle these atrocious acts as the largest scaled attack on our own soil. The patriot act was born from what some believe to unite the minds of our country against an element who wanted to try and fight against our freedoms. As time has come to a slowing halt from the wars and conflicts overseas, many have come to question its validity to continue the use of the Patriot Act. Many constituents now find that the Patriot Act are becoming a violation of an individual’s civil liberties when used on American soils.
The initial push to deter terrorism was a means to find out who and where to track any funding, communications and gather intelligence of terrorist organizations around the world (Carver, 2016). This allowed the intelligence communities a means to fight against such organizations. The legislations put into place still has not prevented smaller acts of violence or prevent communication efforts of terrorist from being committed against our country. For example, there have been numerous acts of terrorism since the legislation that has failed. Some incidents that have come to mind are the Boston bombers, Major Hassan active shooter on Fort Hood, to San Bernadino Shootings. Many of these incidents were known to have communicated with foreign channels and have many citizens questioning the use of this legislation on Americans.
As an individual, I would not and do not want my rights to be handed over to allow for more government intrusions. I believe the 4th amendment is one of the best amendments protecting civil liberties from unlawful search and seizures. As a law enforcement representative myself, I am taught and told to obtain a search warrant to gather evidence of a suspected crime. I believe this is based in our historic traditions and written in our constitution. It also allowed Americans to know that there are more protections under the color of the law. I believe that if I afford the government free reigns to conduct such inquiries brings about targeting of unnecessary search’s without having even a suspicion of committing a crime.
Carver, A. (2016). Parliamentary Attempts to Define Terrorism in Canada and Australia. Journal of Applied Security Research, 11(2), 124–138. https://doi.org/10.1080/19361610.2016.1137173 
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Your assignment for this unit is to complete a case study that follows an accused person through the criminal justice system. Choose an actual criminal case from the last 10 years that you found interesting to complete your case study. Be sure to choose a case with enough information available to research for your assignment. The case must include the incarceration of the convicted offender.
Address the criteria listed below in analyzing your case study scenario:
Provide a synopsis of the case.
Describe the arrest procedures police followed in this case. Explain the evolution of the law enforcement system by describing how this type of case would have been handled 30 years ago.
Describe the trial portion of the case. Discuss specific sentencing guidelines available for the judge in this type of case.
Describe the facility where the person was sentenced to serve his or her time in prison. Discuss any education or rehabilitation opportunities available at the facility.
Develop Intermediate headings in your paper from these bullet points.
Your completed case study must be submitted as an MS WORD document attachment and must be a minimum of two full pages in length (the paper must include a title page and reference page as well; therefore the total length will be four pages), and must include at least two outside empirical sources, one of which may be your textbook. The second source must come from the CSU Online Library. Wikipedia, Answers.com, and other similar sources are not considered as empirical resources and may not be used. Media sources are not typically empirical sources but may be used to supplement your empirical sources. Your paper must include the required APA title page, the main body, which must include the required APA headings (Introduction, Intermediate headings which are numerous (relating to the bullet points above), the Conclusion, and the Reference Section heading (The Reference Section must stand alone as the last page of your paper and must be in APA format). 

How might the causes of offending among juveniles vary from the causes of offending among adults?
(In your posts, be sure to draw on the readings and the introductory notes). Please CITE from the readings from the Oxford handbook of Juvenile crime and juvenile justice)! To support your answer.

The purpose of this assignment is to analyze the responses to special needs offenders.  A discussion of the history and evolution of the correctional system responses to special needs offenders must be provided.  Special attention should be paid to specific events that led to changing policies and the impact on the correctional system (example; deinstitutionalization in the 1970s led to the over-incarceration of mentally ill offenders with comorbidity problems).  
Instructions 
You are expected to submit a 1 1/2–2-page paper (not including the title page, abstract, and reference page) in current APA format. Be certain to emphasize a focused analysis of the areas noted above.