Category: Criminal justice

I want informed opinions, therefore, you should have some evidence to support your stance (ie: outside resources, book, lecture).
Compare and contrast victimology & criminology. In what ways are they similar? In what ways are they different? Be specific.

W1 Terrorism – Michaela Wentz
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My apologies for the late post! It was just one of those weeks!
The reality is that no matter how “adequate” our laws and legislative process are terrorists will always slip through law enforcement’s fingers. Legislation like the USA PATRIOT Act has removed barriers for law enforcement agencies to more easily pursue terrorists and stop attacks before they occur. Legislation like the SAFETY Act encourages private sector companies to develop anti-terrorism technologies such as explosive detection devices and cyber security tools without being held liable.
Although not legislation, I would also like to consider Executive Order 13769, aka the Muslim Ban. This executive order temporarily prohibited entry to non-citizens from Iran, Iraq, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, and Yemen (predominantly Muslim countries) citing heightened concerns of terrorism. However, none of the deadly terrorist attacks since 9/11 have been carried out by persons who “emigrated or came from a family that emigrated from one of these countries nor were any of the 9/11 attackers from the listed countries.”1
As we assess if legislation such as these is adequate 20+ years after the USA PATRIOT Act was enacted, let’s consider the data. Between 1987 and 2010, at least 176 attacks were unsuccessful or were thwarted by U.S. law enforcement.2 I say “at least” because we cannot actually fully measure something that did not take place. This equates to approximately 7 unsuccessful terrorist acts per year on average, with the peak being 2001-2005. Over that same period, the United States averaged about 28 terrorist attacks per year, but if we look closer, in 1987-2001 we averaged 38 attacks per year compared to 18 per year in 2002-2010.3 Of course, there are nearly innumerable factors contributing to these numbers other than legislation, such as advancements in technology, training, and the many factors of the adversary. However, I think the many efforts, including legislative, by the federal government almost certainly resulted in the post-9/11 decrease.
Now, we as society, the people of this republic, are faced with the question of whether we are okay with giving up some rights for these and future results. I, personally with my current understanding of the federal government, am willing to give up some freedoms in order to be safer from terrorists. Checks and balances exist to protect citizens from overreach by the government. If people think legislation is encroaching too much on their freedoms, they may elect new representatives.
Unfortunately, since 9/11, only one attack inside the U.S. was coordinated by a jihadist foreign terrorist organization. That was the December 2019 attack on Naval Air Station Pensacola. The terrorist was a Saudi Arabian flight student in the class below mine. He sat next to us in class every day and trained with us. I think the families of his victims and my friends who were in that building and locked down elsewhere on base that day would rather the government more stringently monitor who we allow into this country and who is interacting virtually with terrorist organizations. Statistically, terrorists are American citizens and legal residents. Legislation like the USA PATRIOT Act is necessary to enable law enforcement and intelligence agencies to protect us. We as citizens have already agreed to exchange some liberties for the government’s protections.
References:
1 https://www.newamerica.org/future-security/reports/terrorism-in-america/who-are-the-terrorists
2 Dahl, Erik J., The Plots That Failed: Intelligence Lessons Learned from Unsuccessful Terrorist Attacks Against the United States, Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, vol 34, no 8, 621–48, (2011).
3 https://ourworldindata.org/terrorism
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What factors contributed to the emergence of a market for private prisons in the U.S.?  Discuss the relationship between politics, ideology, and private prisons.  How can policy makers optimize the use of private prisons in the criminal justice system?
Essay responses should use APA style rules and be a minimum of 800 words.  It is expected 
that the essay responses will be substantive and well-written with academic support and correct grammar. Minimum of 5 sources.

Case/Topic: Kansas v. Glover (2020) *A United States Supreme Court Case*
The Court: The United States Supreme Court
Write a paper on the discussion of Kansas v. Glover (2020) *The United States Supreme Court Case*, in which you are asked to answer the following:
Required:
1. Provide a complete citation for the case
2. Summarize the underlying facts
3. Explain the issue being decided by the court
4. Describe the court’s ruling or conclusion
5. Explain the court’s reasoning for reaching its conclusions
6. Summarize any concurring or dissenting opinions
7. Explain your personal views on the court’s ruling and reasoning
*Be Specific When Answering the Questions*
More information about the Paper:
– No introduction paragraph and no conclusion paragraph
– The heading does not count toward the total pages
– The paper should focus on answering the questions only and nothing else
– Do not copy/paste sentences/phrases from the article directly
– Use headings and subheadings to organize the paper (if appropriate)
– Include in-text citations, a reference list at the end of the paper, and a Cover Page
– Focus on the APA 7th edition format
– No plagiarism (Show Proof)
– No AI usage (Show Proof)

responding to 5 out of the 9 essay questions including one paragraph for each with a.   personal opinion. 

Research proposals must include the following sections; 1) an introduction of the issue(s) at hand; 2) a review of the relevant literature; 3) a discussion of potential source(s) of data; 4) a plan for sampling and collecting the necessary data; 5) a plan to analyze the data, and; 6) a discussion of the policy implications of this research proposal.
references to use: 
if you find other resources please feel free to find and incorporate it into the essay 
https://learn-us-east-1-prod-fleet02-xythos.content.blackboardcdn.com/61aab133e7df2/179233693?X-Blackboard-S3-Bucket=learn-us-east-1-prod-fleet01-xythos&X-Blackboard-Expiration=1715590800000&X-Blackboard-Signature=GauRaZn4M1LvwWGIn5ycB6HZ9ZrHxZNUYytwmFsOXQM%3D&X-Blackboard-Client-Id=100211&X-Blackboard-S3-Region=us-east-1&response-cache-control=private%2C%20max-age%3D21600&response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%2A%3DUTF-8%27%27kakar-1996-child-abuse-and-juvenile-deliquency-a-prospective-study.pdf&response-content-type=application%2Fpdf&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEAMaCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJGMEQCIDFERB4yZ8B3DP2vVcNEXTLBxu9R8Xyy0ZB9N5atSwlPAiAX3uFuPRbMz5UnBxLB5opmDeysK56sCyKdHH5vz0y5wCqyBQhsEAQaDDYzNTU2NzkyNDE4MyIMtU%2FZtjxGy%2FNRHW%2FFKo8FqFmk6QxdB8%2BKx0KsZwM2B3qHY9fsGCIM8C0wb0RLN9Q8PXDJff%2Fh2JA%2FzMf3xzrbREaianFSW3RdKUwlAbencYRKIi8lPCpy1Dyek9xeGLkF0PsSJqHpjQxGHSRrz6WngN33VVZlnaE%2Bkeq69qcxJci6eKkdFUpUcle6e%2BT8LYR8FJBwBXeH6xZfxI4j9nxDTzX69swpQw%2BqV8FQj297Rzk3rgXLx4VblCtSo%2F1VCsOwYXM4jaCuNg1kk9LzrstOkJ3Ir3fJNxKdJQLrxb7y1RwsJV8bSQWqBkk4kKSmxKvyAAvUTi6US%2FniUJqaO7Y9RXe%2Bnp4oX5%2BFn4b%2FUN379b7n2OUrdybHXtXACVFOOhc2rDhxVq1a3auh8UqMVOmHbP1nPCgg%2Buawkwba26GlMKdYcCA6ZW8VkNExYFw2keJ9hhaHAEu154kdsEPcyY64P7QJ2kSIAunGx94kGz4WDHO3DR8eGLXAf3RC7fAHN6lyqg0APwzSLFZmobqDjvcJ1XdnCdwBocwZ8X2DmU9fkrUAfsNYsbxZKVH042MUBDI7mUEy6TbVSYFTXEyxc2UzG2t5Oj%2FFnO7ct6oQZIO1Tt9Pk3rJO%2FD4bx08NDI6QizlAwpCSnXd1xGEY3LaKkX0JAANYEpMEV2pDl%2FHVLPVs7VdRPqomGy2XUfctbpsx3lObFQFOSEhwj%2FvaNPUpGYuZ%2F3Qnv7gGF%2BSHjj6vKTlACDv9pGya1unWfJUvPY74j%2FQo65Ph1DltEy7u%2BMe5kZY4%2BTcF2s3t1l6MB10w%2B38pF5uFJ8OMMOZCZNqn0XGbPTUTv9a22Mx1DNKq4%2BMseqKRzOWHh7MpTBtI6EvXMM5aIjKHd1CnQGLlhjlH5L4vjDxgoayBjqyAZ3FWgdPJyR3%2FofkzZOyc6IFf6IxFZbc%2FKySq02R6fjy%2B7h3psJ5bmyB5FWvpy88EPR4uctKaWWD6gqJjY833UpjvDenbY7kDbSvr%2F2uqAF2LH9MvGjEUhHnmChQikmzeW4yC9UKw3ojZP%2B9KiybfX0NEfjrF91Qs2d9u5vfw9zFBZFyYy40JV2OZ9XnL%2BImU8WgWU7b2avE1IfNHSlOnzXxBTd26bWPdc6lLcy1sQSqJX0%3D&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Date=20240513T030000Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=21600&X-Amz-Credential=ASIAZH6WM4PLWXI3RD5Z%2F20240513%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Signature=b8079a4e6cf9f8503c80520d7b9c1171b1fe097cbfcc684bd88a2ea46beb1593
https://learn-us-east-1-prod-fleet02-xythos.content.blackboardcdn.com/61aab133e7df2/62791718?X-Blackboard-S3-Bucket=learn-us-east-1-prod-fleet01-xythos&X-Blackboard-Expiration=1715590800000&X-Blackboard-Signature=6Fw57uz5zlEjpI17HrBzogj2xpsnXV9bRPF2gebGie4%3D&X-Blackboard-Client-Id=100211&X-Blackboard-S3-Region=us-east-1&response-cache-control=private%2C%20max-age%3D21600&response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%2A%3DUTF-8%27%27Child%2520Abuse%2520and%2520Delinquency.pdf&response-content-type=application%2Fpdf&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEAMaCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJGMEQCIDFERB4yZ8B3DP2vVcNEXTLBxu9R8Xyy0ZB9N5atSwlPAiAX3uFuPRbMz5UnBxLB5opmDeysK56sCyKdHH5vz0y5wCqyBQhsEAQaDDYzNTU2NzkyNDE4MyIMtU%2FZtjxGy%2FNRHW%2FFKo8FqFmk6QxdB8%2BKx0KsZwM2B3qHY9fsGCIM8C0wb0RLN9Q8PXDJff%2Fh2JA%2FzMf3xzrbREaianFSW3RdKUwlAbencYRKIi8lPCpy1Dyek9xeGLkF0PsSJqHpjQxGHSRrz6WngN33VVZlnaE%2Bkeq69qcxJci6eKkdFUpUcle6e%2BT8LYR8FJBwBXeH6xZfxI4j9nxDTzX69swpQw%2BqV8FQj297Rzk3rgXLx4VblCtSo%2F1VCsOwYXM4jaCuNg1kk9LzrstOkJ3Ir3fJNxKdJQLrxb7y1RwsJV8bSQWqBkk4kKSmxKvyAAvUTi6US%2FniUJqaO7Y9RXe%2Bnp4oX5%2BFn4b%2FUN379b7n2OUrdybHXtXACVFOOhc2rDhxVq1a3auh8UqMVOmHbP1nPCgg%2Buawkwba26GlMKdYcCA6ZW8VkNExYFw2keJ9hhaHAEu154kdsEPcyY64P7QJ2kSIAunGx94kGz4WDHO3DR8eGLXAf3RC7fAHN6lyqg0APwzSLFZmobqDjvcJ1XdnCdwBocwZ8X2DmU9fkrUAfsNYsbxZKVH042MUBDI7mUEy6TbVSYFTXEyxc2UzG2t5Oj%2FFnO7ct6oQZIO1Tt9Pk3rJO%2FD4bx08NDI6QizlAwpCSnXd1xGEY3LaKkX0JAANYEpMEV2pDl%2FHVLPVs7VdRPqomGy2XUfctbpsx3lObFQFOSEhwj%2FvaNPUpGYuZ%2F3Qnv7gGF%2BSHjj6vKTlACDv9pGya1unWfJUvPY74j%2FQo65Ph1DltEy7u%2BMe5kZY4%2BTcF2s3t1l6MB10w%2B38pF5uFJ8OMMOZCZNqn0XGbPTUTv9a22Mx1DNKq4%2BMseqKRzOWHh7MpTBtI6EvXMM5aIjKHd1CnQGLlhjlH5L4vjDxgoayBjqyAZ3FWgdPJyR3%2FofkzZOyc6IFf6IxFZbc%2FKySq02R6fjy%2B7h3psJ5bmyB5FWvpy88EPR4uctKaWWD6gqJjY833UpjvDenbY7kDbSvr%2F2uqAF2LH9MvGjEUhHnmChQikmzeW4yC9UKw3ojZP%2B9KiybfX0NEfjrF91Qs2d9u5vfw9zFBZFyYy40JV2OZ9XnL%2BImU8WgWU7b2avE1IfNHSlOnzXxBTd26bWPdc6lLcy1sQSqJX0%3D&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Date=20240513T030000Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=21600&X-Amz-Credential=ASIAZH6WM4PLWXI3RD5Z%2F20240513%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Signature=ee19ee9f72231f69b3818959f5ddc7f0898ba3eb76fe496225242d7afb843ddd

Overview – VERVIEW
The purpose of this paper is to analyze, compare, and contrast various pieces of major legislation 
that relate to the global war on terror (i.e. the U.S.A. Patriot Act (USAPA), the National Defense
Authorization Act (NDAA), etc.). Students will also discuss the advantages and disadvantages
of each piece of legislation discussed. Finally, students will select a major piece of legislation
and take a stance either in support or opposition of that legislation. Students will provide a
cogent and academic argument to support their stance based upon sound, scholarly research.
Instructions – NSTRUCTIONS
The paper must be completed in APA 
formatting and consist of 20-25 pages (excluding all title, abstract and reference pages). In
addition to the course text, all papers must utilize at least 18 outside scholarly sources to support
evaluation an analysis. 80% OF THE SOURCES MUST BE WITHIN THE LAST 5 YEARS – SOURCES SHOULD NOT BE FROM FORIEGN PUBLICATIONS, BUT U.S. SOURCES 
At a minimum, the following sections are required:
Introduction – 
Provide a brief introduction about the key elements in the paper. (SHould at least be 1-2 pages)
Background and Problem Statement – 
Preliminary research must be conducted using practitioners, government sources,
articles, etc., to identify and discuss the major pieces of legislation such as those
listed above (The USA Patriot Act, The NDAA, etc.).
Thesis statement will discuss and describe the concepts cited and the
significance of each as they relate to one another. The thesis statement must be
clear and concise (approximately 250 words).
Literature Review – 
The literature review is a critical component of a proposal. This section highlights
what has been achieved related to your topic. Answer the following questions:
What is the USA Patriot Act?
What is the NDAA?
What other pieces of legislation play a key role in prosecuting the global
war on terror?
What role does the FISA court and process play?
What role has the NSA played within this process?
What technologies have been employed to further this legislation?
What role does indefinite detention play?
What is unlawful enemy combatant?▪ What aspects of the legislation is viewed as Constitutional?
What aspects of the legislation are brought into question with regards to
the U.S. Constitution?
How has the legislation impacted American civil liberties?
What are the supporting arguments for the legislation?
What are the opposing arguments against the legislation?
How should the legislation be changed or amended?
What are the central themes and arguments in current literature?
What is missing from current literature?
Scholarly articles are required. Although some information from government
sources may be used sparingly, approximately 80% of the review should
incorporate recent scholarly articles (published within the last 10 years).
Do not state your opinion in this section. All information provided must be
properly cited and must be from quality academic sources. To achieve this, use
direct quotations, paraphrases, and synthesized information from multiple
sources. For example, this statement synthesizes the opinions of 4 scholars:
“Researchers have argued that disaster planning is critical to minimizing the
negative effects for emergency responders (Brown, 2010; Caldwell, 2009; Moore,
2011; Stanley, 2008).”
Conclusion – 
Summarize your findings. What are the key points in the literature with regards to
the selected piece of legislation and how it impacts both the U.S. efforts in the
global war on terror?
Since passage, how has the legislation impacted the average American citizen’s
civil liberties?
What steps should be taken to further improve the legislation?
What steps might be taken to reduce any potential encroachment on American
civil liberties?
What type of response is needed moving forward? What or who should be
engaged (e.g., the political community, military, federal law enforcement, local
law enforcement citizens, etc.)?
Resaerch paper Section Titles must be comprosed of as a minimum –
Introduction
Background and Problem
Literature Review
Conlcusion
Sub-sections are appropriate within the sections

Write an essay about the effectiveness of restorative justice in reducing recidivism compared to traditional punitive measures. Explain the major strengths and weakness of restorative justice. 
Follow the guideline below;
Content (up to 50 points): The content of paper should reflect the question assigned by the professor. Students are required to address all components of the questions. if certain parts of the question is omitted, points will be deducted based on the extent of omission. Finally, no credit will be awarded if the paper is entirely unrelated to what is asked in the question.  Based on the level of divert from the topic, you will loose points. 
Organization (up to 20 points): The organization of the paper should be well-structured and organized. The content of the paper reads easily and is coherent in the organization. The paper does not jump between ideas, but rather is structured with a beginning, middle, and end. Statements are explained in detail without raising additional questions from reader. Language usage is appropriate for a professional paper. 
Mechanics and other issues (up to 30 points): 
The length of paper: The paper should be a minimum of 4 pages and a maximum of 6 pages except for title and reference pages. 
Style of writing: The paper should be written in Times New Roman font, 12 points size,  with 1 inch margins, and double-space. 
Citation and references: Students should use a minimum of 4 different scholarly citations, which should be listed in the references section at the end of posts. All citations and references should be designed according to the APA style (7th edition). The sources used in text should be appropriately cited and paraphrased. Do not use frequent (more than 3) and long (longer than two lines) direct quotes.
Grammar and spelling: Correct spelling, grammar, punctuation, capitalization, and syntax are evident.  
Abstract and title page: add an abstract and title page according to APA style (7th edition).

TOPIC QUESTION: What are the advantages of women entering the police field?
GUIDELINES:
A Cover-Page with the FULL Topic Question you created from your previous Assignment on creating the Topic.
Two (2) FULL PAGES / 12 inch Font / Double Spaced / A Citation from References within each paragraph.
3 References: Textbook being one of them and a Reference Page (which would be the last page /page 4).TEXTBOOK WILL BE PROVIDED AS PDF TO USE AS ONE OF THE REFERENCES. 

A brief history, including its location and the year it was built.
– The mission of the institution
– The size of the institution and the number of inmates it houses.
– The number of employees
Custody
Non-custody staff
– The name of the current warden/superintendent.
Regarding mental health, the report should cover the following:
– Does the prison have a separate psychiatric treatment unit?
– How does the institution handle inmates with mental health issues?
– What treatments does the institution offer?
Regarding medical services, the report should include:
– Whether the prison has a hospital.
– Whether the institution treats HIV/AIDS.
– How the prison treats COVID-19 patients.
– What has been the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on staff and inmates?
In terms of educational and vocational programs for inmates, the report should cover:
– The types of programs offered.
– Whether the prison has a fire camp.
Whether the institution houses long-term inmates and what is considered a long-term inmate.
What is a typical program for a long-term inmate?
Regarding staffing, the report should include:
– The yearly salary for a correctional officer working at the institution.
– Where officers receive their fundamental training.
– Whether the institution has a regionalized academy.
– How long is the academy training
– Where correctional officers live.
The report should also provide information on the level of inmates housed at the prison.