Category: Anatomy

the report is over the blood Lab we did in class I can attach the results and instructions for the report.

In one half to one page answer the question: 
Which are the roles of sodium, potassium and calcium ions during contraction of a
skeletal muscle?

This the book we use for this class:
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY; THE UNITY OF FORM AND FUNCTION (LL)
Scenario/Summary
Mrs.
Johnson, a 62-year-old woman, presents to her primary care physician with
complaints of persistent joint pain and stiffness, particularly in her knees
and hands. She reports that the pain is worse in the morning and improves
throughout the day with movement. Mrs. Johnson mentions that the symptoms have
been gradually progressing over the past several years, impacting her ability
to engage in activities she once enjoyed, such as walking and gardening.
Upon
examination, the physician observes joint tenderness, swelling, and crepitus in
Mrs. Johnson’s knees and hands. There are no signs of significant joint warmth
or redness. Her medical history reveals a long-standing history of overweight
and a family history of osteoarthritis. X-rays of the affected joints show
joint space narrowing, osteophyte (bone spur) formation, and subchondral
sclerosis – characteristic features of osteoarthritis.
The
physician discusses the diagnosis of osteoarthritis with Mrs. Johnson,
explaining that it is a degenerative joint disease characterized by the
breakdown of cartilage and changes to the underlying bone. The risk factors,
including age, obesity, and family history, are discussed.
Discussion:
Osteoarthritis
is characterized by the degeneration of the articular cartilage that lines the
bony ends, where two bones touch; the resulting friction of bone against bone
worsens the condition, associated with the elderly. Osteoarthritis most
commonly affects weight-bearing joints and joints that undergo repetitive
stress over a lifetime.
General Overview
· Prevalence:
most common joint disorder
· Incidence:
increases with age
· Sex: 
♀ > ♂
· Incidence
rates in specific joints: knee > hip > hand
Deliverables
Please
address the following questions in complete sentences.
1.    
Which joint allows the most mobility?
2.    
what is the functional and structural
classification of the knee joint and the hip joint
3.    
list all the hand joints that
osteoarthritis affects. Be sure to mention the structural classification of
these hand joints.
4.    
Using only the clinical case as an
example, list the risk factors discovered in this client that increased the
likelihood of developing osteoarthritis.
5.    
What other joint disease must be ruled
out to ensure accurate diagnoses of osteoarthritis?
Answer the questions in the provided Microsoft Word document and save your responses. 

USLO 11.4 Describe the stages of fetal development and maternal changes during pregnancy, labor, and birth.
USLO 11.5 Identify the basic principles of genetics and inheritance for autosomal and sex-linked characteristics. 

Locate an ad for a skin improvement product that attempts to use evidence-based data to promote its effectiveness. For example, an ad might say something like this: “with natural botanical enzymes that exfoliate your skin”.  Analyze the ad’s claims and categorize these claims as accurate or inaccurate and explain why using information from the course (textbook) and outside reputable sources.  Your focus should be on using evidence about the structure and function of the parts of the integumentary system that your chosen product claims to improve
Requirements:
Minimum length of 500 words
Any quoted or paraphrased material must follow APA guidelines for inline citations and Works Cited. Refer to these OCC pages for tips: Student Services – Plagiarism or Student Services – APA.
Include a minimum of three outside reputable sources in addition to your course text

PLEASE LOOK AT THE FILE I ATTACHED!!
You will create a PowerPoint. If you don’t have access to PowerPoint, use google slides. ● Your PowerPoint must have 12 slides.
Each slide needs a title, 1 picture, and at least 3 bullet points

RESEARCH
*The explanation / background of the topic- Teach the topic to students. Break it down.   (*Everyone must do this part). Include the Structure and Function relationship in the body Important. Interesting and current research on the topic.
Examples to clarify and teach. (Important!) (Your own examples can be critical thinking too.)
CRITICAL THINKING: (Label this section)
Apply the information from the research section.
Critique your research sources. Examples: Apply everyday phenomena in terms of the scientific concepts in your research section. Make observations and draw conclusions.
Tips and Tricks for Remembering and Recalling. Is there a mnemonic device that might help you memorize this information or what helps you understand this?
Connect the dots  Use critical thinking. Why is this an important topic?  For you, your community, society, the world.  How does it relate to other concepts in the text? Use your own words and thoughts here.

Part I—Initial Office Visit
You are six months into a year-long internship at Dr. Mara Siddiqui’s endocrinology clinic. So far, you’ve had a great experience with Dr. Siddiqui and you’ve seen patients with a wide range of endocrine issues. Today, you will shadow Dr. Siddiqui as she examines Angela Barber, a patient who was referred by her primary care physician. While waiting, you pull up Angela’s information on the computer and you find that she is a 52-year-old African American woman. Except for not feeling like herself over the last three months, she has no health issues.
Angela arrives at the clinic and you accompany the nurse to the exam room to get Angela’s vitals. Dr. Siddiqui comes into the exam room and asks Angela what has been bothering her. Angela tells the doctor that she has been cold, tired, fatigued, and just not feeling up to her normal activities. She has also gained roughly 20 pounds, even though she has been consciously monitoring her food intake. Angela can’t understand what is wrong—she went through menopause a year ago but she insists that the way she is feeling is not related to that change; she also has not changed anything else about her normal routine. Dr. Siddiqui listens to Angela and then examines her ears, eyes, and throat; she also listens to Angela’s lungs and heart, and palpates her neck and abdomen. All of Angela’s vitals and the outcome of the initial exam are within normal range. Dr. Siddiqui tells Angela that she suspects a thyroid issue and would like to order some blood tests.
Angela asks about the thyroid and why it is important. Dr. Siddiqui asks you to help explain this hormone system to the patient.
Questions to answer:
Diagram the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. Make sure to include the feedback loops and spell out the hormone names.
What is the physiological role of thyroid hormones?
Does T3 or T4 play a larger role on the target tissues? Explain.
Part II—Research
Dr. Siddiqui tells Angela that her test results will be back in a few days and that she will give her a call when she knows something. You go home and do some research on various thyroid conditions so that you’ll have a good idea of what is going on with Angela. You find information on hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, goiter, Graves’ Disease, iodine deficiency (primary hypothyroidism), Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, and various tumors. You make a chart to help yourself sort out the different disorders.
Questions to answer:
Describe hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. List at least three symptoms of each.
What is a goiter?
If you gave a person with primary hypothyroidism (iodine deficiency) an injection of TSH would T3 and T4 levels increase? Why or why not?
Use the chart below to record whether the hormone levels are expected to be high, low, or either. For antibody/immunoglobulin and goiter, answer yes, no, or possible.
Part III—Test Results
Angela’s test results come back and Dr. Siddiqui gives you a copy to look over. Please use the data below and the initial information about Angela to answer the following questions.
Questions to answer:
Are any of Angela’s values outside the normal range? If so, which ones, and are they high or low?
Is Angela’s thyroid axis functioning properly? If not, does she have symptoms consistent with hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism?
** Please answer questions in complete paragraphs**i have attached the assignment on a word document to include the graphs needed for the paper. PLEASE SEE ATTACHED**

Anatomy Lab Project: The Patient’s Journey Through Diagnostic Testing
Objective: In a narrative format, students will detail the experience of a patient undergoing a diagnostic test. Through the eyes of a medical professional within the story, students will explain the anatomical basis of the chosen test, how it works, the waiting period for results, and the interpretation of the findings.
Criteria
Exemplary (10 points)
Proficient (8-9 points)
Basic (5-7 points)
Needs Improvement (3-4 points)
Unsatisfactory (0-2 points)
Explanation of Test Mechanism
Mechanism of the diagnostic test is thoroughly and accurately explained with precise anatomical and clinical details.
Mechanism is explained clearly with most key details included.
Some parts of the mechanism are mentioned, but it lacks depth or clarity.
Mechanism is vaguely mentioned or contains significant errors.
Mechanism is not mentioned or is grossly inaccurate.
Visual Aids
Visual aids are highly relevant, clear, and enhance understanding. They are effectively integrated into the narrative.
Visual aids are relevant and mostly clear. Some minor enhancements could be made for better integration.
Visual aids are present but may not fully align with the narrative or may lack clarity.
Visual aids are minimal, not well-integrated, or lack relevance.
Visual aids are missing or entirely irrelevant.
Citation of Sources
All sources are appropriately and consistently cited. Relies on high-quality, reputable sources.
Most sources are cited with a few inconsistencies. Quality of sources is generally good.
Some sources are cited, but there are significant omissions or inconsistencies in format.
Few sources are cited and/or the format is inconsistent. Quality of sources might be questionable.
Does not cite sources or uses inappropriate/inaccurate sources.
Narrative Quality
The narrative is exceptionally engaging, demonstrating creativity, clear patient-medical professional interaction, and a coherent flow from start to finish.
The narrative is engaging for the most part, with a clear storyline and good character interactions.
The narrative has a discernible structure but may lack some elements of engagement or clarity in areas.
The narrative lacks strong coherence, engagement, or clear structure.
The narrative is disjointed, lacks clear interactions, or shows no effort towards a coherent story.
Word Count
The narrative meets the 300-word count minimum
The narrative is within 275-300 words
The narrative is slightly outside of the optimal range, being between 250-275 words.
The narrative deviates significantly from the desired word count, being between 225-250 words.
The narrative is under 225 words
Total Possible Points: 50
Submission Deadline: Failure to submit by the deadline results in an automatic score of 0 for the entire assignment.
Gordon Rule Assignment: Your writing requirement will be fulfilled by
contributing research done on this assignment. Since this counts as your Gordon-Rule requirement I will check spelling and grammar as well as thoughtfulness and logic of content. Your written work will be evaluated by content and by writing skills (grammatical correctness, correct use of terms, logical sentence construction, proper use of paragraphs etc.) The evaluation for these assignments is, due to the very nature of assessing use of language, to some degree subjective. You will
receive a pass or fail grade. Note: This class (BSC 2085L) cannot be passed without
submitting a satisfactory Gordon Rule assignment.
”. Any work that is not the genuine product of the student submitting it (for example a plagiarized
comment) will receive a failing grade and lead to further disciplinary action.

Hide Assignment Information
Turnitin™
This assignment will be submitted to Turnitin™.
Instructions
During the Great Recession, like any other economic downturn, unemployment rises, aggregate income declines, and there is a major decline in tax collections. At the same time, increased unemployment causes spending on safety-net programs to rise. In response to these situations, government appears to have only two options (neither good) to stabilize the national economy: either put in place severe austerity measures (cut spending), or increase borrowing. Of course, it is very difficult to defend cuts in the federal government programs and especially programs geared to sustain a minimum standard of living for the poor, but increased borrowing has major adverse impacts on the national economy.
Write an essay analyzing
· Different theoretical views on national debt,
· Long-run costs of high national debt,
· Costs of eliminating the budget deficit solely through (1) personal tax increases, and/or (2) through spending cut by decreasing in transfer payments (i.e., Social Security, Medicare and Medicaid) and in discretionary spending (such as defense and education budgets).