Week 8 Discussion This is a shortened week and therefore we are going to complete a reflection activity.This discussion topic is to be reflective of the course material. Therefore, use your own words to respond to the following questions:
What other topics would you have liked to have covered in this course?
What reading did you find most interesting and why?
How has this course changed your perspective or outlook moving forward?
Any other topic of interest that you would like to add.
Please be sure to answer all the questions above in the initial post.Please be sure to engage by Wednesday at 5pm ET.
Author: admin
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Reflection on Course Material Reflection on Course Material Throughout this course, I have gained a deeper understanding of various topics related to leadership and management. However, there were a few other topics that I would have liked to see covered in this course. One
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“Analyzing Levels of Measurement and Statistical Analyses in Colleagues’ Research Questions and Variables” “Analyzing the Impact of PADs Implementation on Mental Health Outcomes and Provider Attitudes: Considerations for Statistical Analysis”
Assignment Instructions:
Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses by noting any discrepancies and/or suggesting alternatives in the levels of measurement and statistical analyses described.
NOTE: Each Colleague had to initially post a research question and describe the independent and dependent variables. Then, identify the level of measurement of both your independent and dependent variables. Provide a brief rationale for your classification of each variable. Be specific. Include any advantages or challenges that you might encounter in your statistical analysis of each variable and explain why.
Also, PLEASE MAKE SURE THE REFERENCES FOLLOWS EACH COLLEAGUE RESPONSE. DO NOT put the references together. APA 7th edition references, no older than 5 years! Each Colleague needs 2 References each, making it a total of 4 references.
Colleague #1
Research Question: How does the frequency of dialysis treatments (thrice weekly vs. daily) affect the quality of life and mental health outcomes among patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD)?
The independent variable in this study is the frequency of dialysis treatments, categorized as thrice weekly or daily. This variable is measured at the nominal level because it involves categorizing dialysis regimens into distinct, non-ordered groups (Martin et al., 2020). The dependent variables are the quality of life, measured by the Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form (KDQOL-SF) questionnaire, and mental health outcomes, assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). KDQOL-SF and HADS generate interval-level data, as they produce scores representing the degree of quality of life and mental health, with equal intervals between values (Yonata et al., 2020).
Analyzing nominal-level data for the independent variable involves categorical data analysis techniques, such as chi-square tests or logistic regression, which are appropriate for comparing proportions between groups (Martin et al., 2020). The interval-level data for the dependent variables allow for more complex statistical analyses, including t-tests, ANOVA, or regression analysis, which can identify mean differences and relationships between variables (Yonata et al., 2020).
One advantage of using interval-level data is the ability to apply parametric statistical tests, which are generally more powerful and provide more detailed information about the relationships between variables. However, challenges include ensuring that the data meet the assumptions of these tests, such as normality and homogeneity of variance. In contrast, nominal data analysis is less complex but provides less detailed information. Ensuring accurate and consistent measurement of the KDQOL-SF and HADS is critical to the validity of the study’s findings (Yonata et al., 2020).
Collaegue #2
Research Question
How does the implementation of psychiatric advance directives (PADs) in psychiatric clinics or community health centers affect mental health outcomes for patients with mental health conditions?
Variables
The independent variable in this study is the implementation of Psychiatric Advance Directives (PADs). This variable indicates whether or not PADs are implemented in psychiatric clinics or community health centers. It is measured at the nominal level, categorizing the data into “Implemented” and “Not Implemented.” These categories are distinct and do not have an inherent order (Wooditch et al., 2021).
The dependent variables are divided into two main categories: mental health outcomes and mental health care providers’ knowledge and attitudes.
Mental Health Outcomes: Mental health outcomes are assessed using various standardized scales, including: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Dissociative Experiences Scale, Goldberg Bipolar Spectrum Screening Questionnaire, Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A) and Schizophrenia Test and Early Psychosis Indicator (STEP). According to Wu et al., (2021), these scales provide scores that have meaningful intervals between values, making them interval-level measurements. For example, a score of 20 on the HADS is twice that of a score of 10, indicating a quantitative difference. While these scales often assume that the distance between scores is consistent, they may not have a true zero point, thus categorizing them as interval rather than ratio measurements.
Mental Health Care Providers’ Knowledge and Attitudes: This variable is assessed via questionnaires that often use Likert scales. These scales provide ordered categories (e.g., strongly agree, agree, neutral, disagree, strongly disagree) without assuming equal intervals between points, making this an ordinal level of measurement (Jebb et al., 2021).
Considerations for Analyzing Data
Independent Variable: Implementation of PADs
One advantage of this nominal variable is the clear comparison it allows between groups with and without PADs implementation. It is straightforward to categorize and include in various statistical analyses, such as chi-square tests for association. However, a challenge with this binary variable is that it only provides a yes/no implementation status, lacking depth in terms of the extent or quality of implementation.
Dependent Variables
Mental Health Outcomes: These outcomes provide rich, quantitative data for analysis. The use of well-validated scales enhances the reliability and validity of the findings. However, some challenges include the assumption of equal intervals between scale points, which may not always be accurate, and the need for appropriate statistical techniques such as t-tests, ANOVA, or regression, considering the properties of the scales.
Mental Health Care Providers’ Knowledge and Attitudes: Ordinal data from Likert scale questionnaires capture the order of responses, providing more detail than nominal data. They can be analyzed using non-parametric tests if the assumptions of parametric tests are not met. However, treating Likert scale data as interval data for convenience may not be strictly accurate. Additionally, ordinal data do not provide information about the magnitude of differences between categories.
Statistical Analysis Considerations
For the independent variable, which is nominal, analysis will involve chi-square tests for independence or logistic regression if examining the probability of outcomes. For the dependent variables, interval data will be analyzed using parametric tests such as t-tests, ANOVA, and linear regression, assuming a normal distribution and equal intervals. Ordinal data will be analyzed using non-parametric tests like the Mann-Whitney U test or Kruskal-Wallis test, or ordinal logistic regression for Likert scale data (Peck et al., 2020).
Summary
In summary, this study involves a nominal independent variable (Implementation of PADs) and a mix of interval (Mental Health Outcomes) and ordinal (Mental Health Care Providers’ Knowledge and Attitudes) dependent variables. Addressing these considerations will enable a robust analysis of how the implementation of PADs affects mental health outcomes and the attitudes and knowledge of mental health care providers. -
“Chapter 1 Skills Check Quiz for Integrated Rev”
Test:
Chapter 1 Skills Check Quiz (Integrated Rev (Copy)
Questions: 18
Due: 06/23/24 10:59pm
Attempts: 0 of 3
This quiz will affect your Study Plan score.
Reminders
View a tutorial on how to enter your answers before starting.
You can save this quiz to work on later. When you return to this quiz, you will not be able to access questions you already worked on. Be sure to complete the question before moving to the next question or clicking Resume lat
I can give to the website and the log in -
“Managing Technology Budgets for Instructional Staff: A Principal’s Guide”
The assignment is established to give you experience in reviewing and interacting with a budget to help you make decisions to meet the needs of instructional staff members in terms of technology. The Creating a Principal’s Budget document provides a scenario and information needed to review and interact with a budget. The Principal’s Budget Ocean View excel spreadsheet is embedded with formulas for you to complete your budget calculations.
Follow the directions closely under the activity section located on the Creating a Principal’s Budget document to complete your spreadsheet. The spreadsheet has embedded formulas that will adjust cells based on your input. -
“Balanced Scorecard Analysis of Apple Inc: Evaluating Strategic Performance” “Using the Balanced Scorecard to Achieve Organizational Success”
Balanced Scorecard Analysis
– APPLE INC
This milestone activity corresponds to CLO12 and is
featured in the Final Assessment Project. Practice using a balanced scorecard
approach to analyzing strategic performance.
What do I want you to
do?
Take a balanced scorecard approach to evaluating strategic performance by
assessing these dimensions of your selected company:
Safety – Has your
company recently been noted for loss of life related to its business? That
could include employee deaths, customer deaths, injuries, endangering
others, toxins, hazards, environmental destruction, or other
safety-related issues.
Quality – What is the
area in greatest need of improvement for your company in terms of
delivering value to the customer? In what ways might they be weak at
meeting customer needs, defective (other than ways already noted in the
safety section), or involved in scandal that harms its reputation?
Productivity – In what ways
might your company be more productive? Consider how it might use energy,
water, or materials more efficiently or how it might minimize waste and
implement a circular economy. Look for best practices in the industry to
surpass.
Cost – How might the
product or service be made more affordable? Lowering price can only work
if costs are lowered, but how might your company do that specifically? Do
you see any ways to simplify or make their product easier to purchase
without damaging quality (a higher-level priority)?
Human
Development – What is a way to improve the company’s employees’ professional or
personal lives that could make a meaningful difference beyond simply
giving them higher wages? (Remember, cost is a higher-level priority in
this design. That is not to say that you can never pay your employees more
or give them something that would cost the company, only that the value
provided to them should “balance” with other gains from it, such
as more productive workers since they are happy.)
For each of these dimensions, include at least one professional source or
unbiased news source related to the case.
Why do I want you to do
it?
It is good to evaluate a company from a multidimensional approach and in
ways that other stakeholders can appreciate. That is a quality-based form of
strategic management. Often, this more operationally focused approach to
management can be a springboard to greater customer focus and a more favorable
orientation toward sustainability.
How do I want you to do
it?
What format(s)
should the assessment be in? A short essay including the five sections
requested and list of citations in APA 7 format.
What tools or
resources might be needed/useful? See the examples provided in the module
and benchmark competitors to imitate best practices.
What to include in your
submission
Your assignment submission should include:
Balanced
Scorecard Analysis
Examples of Balanced Scorecards
Review these webpages for descriptions, pictures, and videos:
Creative Safety
Supply. (2018, March 22). What is QCDSM? https://www.creativesafetysupply.com/articles/what-is-qcdsm/
BPI. (n.d.).
SQDC. https://www.leansixsigmadefinition.com/glossary/sqdc-2/
Thelen, M.
(2020, March 16). Using SQDCM boards the right way for effective Gemba
walks. Isixsigma. https://www.isixsigma.com/methodology/kaizen/using-sqdcm-boards-the-right-way-for-effective-gemba-walks/
Alfra
Consulting. (2022). What is kaizen? https://www.alfraconsulting.eu/what-is-kaizen/
More theory about the concept:
Kaplan, R. S.,
& Norton, D. P. (1992, January-February). The balanced scorecard –
Measures that drive performance. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/1992/01/the-balanced-scorecard-measures-that-drive-performance-2
Balanced
Scorecard Institute. (2023). Balanced scorecard basics. https://balancedscorecard.org/bsc-basics-overview/
Tarver, E.
(2023, March 10). What is a balanced scorecard, how is it used in
business? https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/balancedscorecard.asp
American
Society for Quality. (2023). What is a balanced scorecard? https://asq.org/quality-resources/balanced-scorecard -
“Capital Budget Decision Making for an Organization: Part 2 – Long-Term Working Capital Considerations and Bond Valuation” Title: Bond Pricing and Current Yield Analysis
CAPITAL BUDGET DECISION MAKING FOR AN ORGANIZATION—PART 2
Note: In Week 6, you submitted Part 1 of the Module 3 Assignment. You will complete and submit Part 2 this week. Next week, you will complete and submit Part 3 and the executive summary.
As a reminder, you will continue to play the role of a consultant who has been hired by a mid-sized company that recently went public to provide some recommendations related to their short-term and long-term financial needs. Your first project is to analyze the short- and long-term capital budget needs of the company. You will prepare and submit a 3- to 5-page report, including an executive summary in which you synthesize your recommendations for the following fiscal year, along with the provided Excel spreadsheet with your calculations. Explain your findings and your recommendations.
For each of the items in your report, you will complete the calculations in the Module 3 Assignment Part 1 Template and will then use that financial information to develop your report to the owner using the Module 3 Assignment Part 2 Template. In your report, be sure to include relevant citations from the Learning Resources, the Walden Library, and/or other appropriate academic sources to support your work.
RESOURCES
Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity.
Click the weekly resources link to access the resources. WEEKLY RESOURCES
To prepare for this Assignment:
Return to the Module 3 Assignment Part 1 Template to continue completing the calculations.
Return to your Module 3 Assignment Part 2 Template to complete Part 2 of your report. Note: Be sure to keep a copy of your completed Assignment this week, as you will be adding to the same file for your Week 8 Assignment.
BY DAY 7
Submit your synthesis of financial data related to long-term financing needs for an organization, to include the following:
PART 2: LONG-TERM WORKING CAPITAL CONSIDERATIONS: TIME VALUE OF MONEY AND BONDS (1–2 PAGES, PLUS CALCULATIONS IN EXCEL)
Future Value: If the company deposits $2 million in a bank account that pays 6% interest annually, how much will be in the account after 5 years?
Present Value: What is the present value of a security that will pay $29,000 in 20 years if securities of equal risk pay 5% annually?
Required Interest Rates: The company owner has said she will retire in 19 years. She currently has $350,000 saved and thinks she will need $800,000 at retirement. What annual interest rate must she earn to reach that goal, assuming she does not save any additional funds?
Future Value of an Annuity: Find the future values of these ordinary annuities. Compounding occurs once a year.$500 per year for 8 years at 14%
$250 per year for 4 years at 7%
$700 per year for 4 years at 0%
Present Value of an Annuity: Find the present values of these ordinary annuities. Discounting occurs once a year.$600 per year for 12 years at 8%
$300 per year for 6 years at 4%
$500 per year for 6 years at 0%
Bond Valuation: The company has two bonds in their investment portfolio, Bond C and Bond Z. Each bond matures in 4 years, has a face value of $1,000, and has a yield to maturity of 8.2%. Bond C pays an 11.5% annual coupon, while Bond Z is a zero-coupon bond.
Assuming that the yield to maturity of each bond remains at 8.2% over the next 4 years, calculate the price of the bonds at each of the following years to maturity. Explain any observed differences from the pricing calculations of the two bonds.
Years to MaturityPrice of Bond CPrice of Bond Z
4 3 2 1 0 Yield to Maturity and Yield to Call: The owner is interested in investing some retained earnings in corporate bonds. She is considering the following:Bond A has a 7% annual coupon, matures in 12 years, and has a $1,000 face value.
Bond B has a 9% annual coupon, matures in 12 years, and has a $1,000 face value.
Bond C has an 11% annual coupon, matures in 12 years, and has a $1,000 face value.
Each bond has a yield to maturity of 9%.
a. Before calculating the prices of the bonds, identify whether each bond is trading at a premium, at a discount, or at par.
b. Calculate the price of each of the three bonds.
c. Calculate the current yield for each of the three bonds.
Refer to the Week 7 Assignment Rubric for specific grading elements and criteria. Your Instructor will use this grading rubric to assess your work. -
“Analyzing and Evaluating Sources: A Critical Approach”
Im attaching a picture of assignment directions. All assignments are filtered through “Turn It In” just fyi
*This can be used along with the other related assignment -
Title: “A Case Study on the Nursing Management of a Patient with [insert disease/condition]”
In order to write a case study paper, you must carefully address a number of sections in a specific order with specific information contained in each. The guideline below outlines each of those sections.
Section
Information to Include
Introduction (patient and problem)
Explain who the patient is (Age, gender, etc.)
Explain what the problem is (What was he/she diagnosed with, or what happened?)
Introduce your main argument (What should you as a nurse focus on or do?)
Pathophysiology
Explain the disease (What are the symptoms? What causes it?)
History Explain what health problems the patient has (Has she/he been diagnosed with other diseases?)
Detail any and all previous treatments (Has she/he had any prior surgeries or is he/she on medication?)
Nursing Physical Assessment
List all the patient’s health stats in sentences with specific numbers/levels (Blood pressure, bowel sounds, ambulation, etc.)
Related Treatments
Explain what treatments the patient is receiving because of his/her disease
Nursing Diagnosis & Patient Goal
Explain what your nursing diagnosis is (What is the main problem for this patient? What need to be addressed?)
Explain what your goal is for helping the patient recover (What do you want to change for the patient?)
Nursing Interventions
Explain how you will accomplish your nursing goals, and support this with citations (Reference the literature)
Evaluation
Explain how effective the nursing intervention was (What happened after your nursing intervention? Did the patient get better?)
Recommendations
Explain what the patient or nurse should do in the future to continue recovery/improvement
Your paper should be 3-4 pages in length and will be graded on how well you complete each of the above sections. You will also be graded on your use of APA style and on your application of nursing journals into the treatments and interventions. For integrating nursing journals, remember the following:
Make sure to integrate citations into all of your paper
Support all claims of what the disease is, why it occurs, and how to treat it with references to the literature on this disease
Always use citations for information that you learned from a book or article; if you do not cite it, you are telling your reader that YOU discovered that information (how to treat the disease, etc.) -
Understanding and Managing Symptoms of Crohn’s Disease Crohn’s disease is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that affects the digestive tract. It can cause a variety of symptoms, including abdominal pain, diarrhea, and weight loss. If you or a loved one
In a 300- to 500-word blog post written for a patient and/or caregiver audience, explain signs and symptoms for your diagnosis, pharmacological treatments, nonpharmacological treatments, and appropriate community resources and referrals.
Although you are not required to respond to colleagues, collegial discussion is welcome. -
“Analyzing Statistical Trends and Assessing Quality Measures for a Documentation Review Proposal” “Ensuring Data Compatibility: Utilizing National Benchmarks for Health Condition Analysis”
A key part of your proposal will be to identify benchmarks and trends for the topic you have chosen for your documentation review. Benchmarks can come from national or state quality standards or trends. If your proposal is approved, you as the office manager will want to try to answer this question: How does our office data compare to national or state trends?
You need to identify your benchmarks before you can collect and then compare the data. You decide what your benchmarks are. They could be based on national averages, state averages, or quality standards. For example, here is one quality standard: All patients with chronic, stable coronary artery disease are on an antiplatelet therapy or have supporting documentation as to why they cannot take an antiplatelet therapy. For instance, they may have an allergy.
Another question to consider when establishing benchmarks is this: Are you comparing apples to apples or apples to oranges? In addition, if you are retrieving information from a national database or data from an HIE, how do you know your office data is comparable to the information you are retrieving? Consult your suggested resources for answers to these questions.
For this second assessment, you are to:
Analyze statistical trends and assess quality measures relevant to your proposal.
Assess the compatibility of data drawn from multiple sources.
Determine the effects of health information quality on an HIE.
This assessment is completed in three steps:
Step One – Preparation: Locate data related to quality measures or trends relevant to your topic from specific websites.
Step Two – Data Collection: Create a data collection tracking spreadsheet and dashboard.
Step Three – Data Compatibility: Write a short paper on data compatibility and quality.
Please study this assessment’s scoring guide to better understand the performance levels relating to each criterion on which you will be evaluated.
Step One: Preparation
Locate data related to quality measures relevant to your topic from one or more of these websites:
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (n.d.). https://www.ahrq.gov/
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (n.d.). https://www.cdc.gov/
The Joint Commission. (n.d.). https://www.jointcommission.org/
NCQA. (n.d.). https://www.ncqa.org/
Occupational Safety and Health Administration. (n.d.). https://www.osha.gov/index.html
Any other site that contains national or state health care quality measures.
Step Two: Data Collection
Using the Data Collection Spreadsheet Guide [XLSX] Download Data Collection Spreadsheet Guide [XLSX]as an example, ;create a spreadsheet containing three tabs: Dashboard Tracking, Data Collection, and Trending.
On the first tab, Dashboard Tracking, draw from the information you gathered in Step One as part of your preparation for this assessment:
Identify the specific benchmark data you will compare with your office data. Remember it is up to you to establish your benchmarks.
Organize or create a spreadsheet to display the totals, percentages, averages, and so on of your office data and of the national or state data you will be using for comparison. Note: Your Office Data column will be blank because you are not collecting any office data. This is only a proposal to do an information review of the quality of care provided by the physician group. Data does, however, need to appear in the Benchmark (national/state) data column.
Include at least one comparison graph of your choice on this tab.
On the second tab, Data Collection, draw from the information you gathered in Step One as part of your preparation for this assessment:
Create a form you will use to collect specific data from the patients’ records.
Include a row for each patient.
Provide a column for each data collection point (quality measure) you will be comparing.
Note: The information on this page is totaled, averaged, et cetera, with the results linked to the first tab.
To create your third tab, Trends, you will need to do some additional research. Identify national benchmarks for the condition you have chosen that could be compared to your office data. For example, if the trend in your office is that you are seeing more patients with asthma, but the national trend is decreasing, you have discovered a discrepancy that needs to be investigated.
To perform your analysis:
Visit one or more of the following websites containing national data:
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (n.d.). Healthcare cost and utilization project. https://hcupnet.ahrq.gov/#setup
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (n.d.). CDC WONDER. https://wonder.cdc.gov/WelcomeT.html
Any other site that contains national or state health care data.
Locate and analyze statistical data relevant to the selected condition.
Examine trends:
What other meaningful trends exist? For example, consider the number of new cases, increases or decreases of cases within a specific age range or location, et cetera.
How do the national and state trends compare?
Is the national trend increasing or decreasing?
What is the percentage of cases who expire from the disease?
Identify the trending of one statistical result relating to the condition you selected over the last 5–10 years.
Create a line graph on the third tab of your spreadsheet, Trends, that illustrates the national and/or state trending of the disease you selected over the past 5–10 years.
Note: Remember you have not collected your office data yet for comparison purposes. You could add that data at a later time.
Step 3: Data Compatibility
Write a short section to add to the proposal you will complete in Assessment 3. Be sure this section of your proposal includes all of the following headings and your narrative addresses each of the bullet points.
Introduction
Provide a brief 1–2 sentence, high-level summary explaining data compatibility.
Data Compatibility
Assess the compatibility of the data:
How can you ensure data from multiple sources is compatible?
How do you know the data you are using for comparison is compatible with your office data?
What challenges are associated with data standardization? We do not want to compare apples with oranges. You want to be sure data from multiple sources:
Represents the same condition.
Uses similar statistical analysis.
And so on.
Effects of Health Information Quality on the HIE
Explain the difference between an HIE and a national database.
Explain what problems can develop if facilities submit incomplete or inaccurate information to an HIE.
Explain what problems can develop if facilities submit incomplete or inaccurate information to a national database.
Explain how incomplete or inaccurate data may affect your proposal.
Conclusion
Briefly reinforce your paper’s main points.