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1. Select the correct word from the following list and fill in the blanks.
float, water, crop, nutrients, preparation
(a) The same kind of plants grown and cultivated on a large scale at a place is called crop.
(b) The first step before growing crops is the preparation of the soil.
(c) Damaged seeds would float on top of the water.
(d) For growing a crop, sufficient sunlight and water and nutrients from the soil are essential.
2. Match the items in column A with those in column B
A B
(i) Kharif crops (a) Food for cattle
(ii) Rabi crops (b) Urea and super phosphate
(iii) Chemical fertilisers (c) Animal excreta,cow dung, urine and plant waste
(iv) Organic manure (d) Wheat,gram pea
(e) Paddy and maize
Answer: (i) (e) (ii) (d) (iii) (b) (iv) (c)
ENRICHMENT ACTIVITY/ LITTLE SCIENTIST/RIDDLES/ SEA ASSESSMENT TO BE DONE FROM THE CHAPTER
Collect different types of seeds and put them in small bags. Label them
CREATIVITY/LIFE SKILL/ART INTEGRATION
Sowing seeds and observing the growth of a plant
KEYWORDS WITH MEANING:
1. Crop: Plants of the same kind are cultivated in one place on a large scale is called crops.
2. Animal Husbandry: It is a branch of agriculture dealing with the domestication, breeding, and rearing of
animals for various purposes.
3. Granaries: A granary is a storehouse or room in a barn for threshed grain
4. Harvesting: Harvesting is the process of cutting the mature drop manually or by machines.
5. Irrigation: The supply of water to crops at appropriate intervals is called irrigation.
6. Threshing: The separation of the grains from the stalk is called threshing.
7. Weedicide: Weedicides are chemicals that are sprayed over fields to get rid of weeds.
8. Winnowing: It is a method in which heavier component of the mixture is separated from lighter components
with the help of wind.
Q-ANSWERS TO BE DONE IN THE CLASS WORK:
Q 5 Explain how fertilizers are different from manure.
Answer: (i) A fertilizer is an inorganic salt.
(i) Manure is a natural substance obtained by the decomposition of cattle dung, human waste and plant residues.
(ii) A fertiliser is prepared in factories.
(ii) Manure can be prepared in the fields.
(iii) A fertiliser does not provide any humus to the soil.
(iii) Manure provides a lot of humus to the soil.
(iv)Fertilisers are very rich in plant nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.
(iv) Manure is relatively less rich in plant nutrients.
Q 6 What is irrigation? Describe two methods of irrigation which conserve water.
Answer: The artificial method of watering the plants for assisting in their growth is called irrigation. Main sources
of irrigation are wells, tube-wells, ponds, lakes, rivers.
Two methods which help us to conserve water are:
(i) Sprinkler irrigation system: This irrigation system has an arrangement of vertical pipes with rotating nozzles on
the top. It is more useful in uneven and sandy land where sufficient water is not available.
(ii) Drip irrigation system: This irrigation system has an arrangement of pipes or tubes with very small holes in them
to water plants drop by drop just at the base of the root. It is very efficient as water is not wasted at all.
Q 7 If wheat is sown in the kharif season, what would happen? Discuss.
Answer: Wheat crop is sown from November/December to March/April. It is grown in winter and requires less
water. If wheat is sown in Kharif season, its production will decrease considerably.
Q 8 Explain how soil gets affected by the continuous plantation of crops in a field.
Answer: Continuous plantation of crops makes the soil poorer in certain nutrients as the crops take up nutrients
from the soil. The soil becomes infertile. It does not get enough time to replenish the nutrients.
Q 9 What are the weeds? How can we control them?
Answer: The undesirable and unwanted plants that grow naturally along with the crop are called weeds. The
growth of weeds can be controlled by adopting many ways. Tilling before sowing of crops helps in the uprooting
and killing of weeds, which may then dry up and get mixed with the soil. Weeds are also controlled by using certain
chemicals, called weedicides. Weedicides are sprayed in the fields to kill the weeds.
Addition questions:
1. What do you mean by the term agricultural practice?
Answer: Agricultural practices are those practices that involve the necessary steps to be taken during the
production of crops.
2. Explain the term leveling. What are the advantages of levelling?
Answer: Levelling is the process of breaking down the larger lumps of soil, and then levelling them by using a
leveller.
The following are the advantages of levelling:
Levelling helps to prevent soil erosion caused by wind or air.
It helps in sowing the seeds uniformly and thus helps the plants to grow uniformly too.
It helps in proper irrigation by allowing the water to get distributed uniformly throughout the soil.
3.Explain the term transplantation.
Answer: Some of the crops are first grown in the nurseries and then transferred to the main field. This process is
known as transplantation.
4.What are the advantages of manure?
Answer: Following are some advantages of manure:
It enhances the water-holding capacity of soil.
It improves soil quality.
It promotes the growth of soil-friendly microbes.
It is renewable, biodegradable, and eco-friendly.
5. What are weedicides? Give some examples.
Answer: Weedicides are the chemicals that are used to remove weeds. Some commonly used weedicides are 2, 4-
D and metachlor.