“Uncovering Leadership Issues: A Consultative Approach for HR Professionals”

As an HR consultant, how would you seek to uncover the pertinent leadership issues an organization is facing?
(Do not be afraid to use examples)
The etext is:
Robinson, Dana, G. et al. Performance Consulting. Available from: VitalSource Bookshelf, (3rd Edition). Independent Publishers Group (Chicago Review Press), 2015.